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u 


1TALLURGICAL 
^MINING MACHINERY 


OFFICE, 

222 MA RKET ST 

MAIN WORKS, 

^. (3 POT RERO. 
CITY WORKS. 


227 FIRST ST. 
SAN FRANCISCO 


P.O.BOX 2128 


Cable Address, 
"Union: 


A t.S.CAOCKg* CO S*. 
































OHlVt HE(J 

|g 6 im 

') of Builders of. 


Union Iron Works, 


SAN FRANCISCO, CAL, 


MINING MACHINERY 

for the Reduction of Gold, Silver, Lead and Copper Ores. 

GOLD AND SILVER MILLS, 

Wet or Dry Crushing, Roasting, Concentrating, Leaching, Lixiviating, 
Stamps, Amalgam Pans, Crushers, Settlers, Tanks, 

Crushing Rolls, Jigs, Trommels, Screens. 

Slocisting furnaces, Cupelling furnaces, 

drying 3/oors, Shelf Sfryers, Slotary Sfryers. 

Retorts, Bullion Moulds, Ingot Moulds, Copper Plates Efectro- 
Sifver-Pfated fop Cold Saving, (onveuors and Elevators. 

WATER-JACKET BLAST FURNACES, 

Blast Pipe, Slag Cars, Slag Pots. 

HOISTING WORKS, PUMPING, CONCENTRATING 
AND SMELTING PLANTS. 

MACHINERY FOR TRANSMISSION OF POWER BY WIRE ROPE. 

Wheelock, Corliss, Scott & O’Neil 

AND SLIDE-VALVE ENGINES. 

Boilers, Air Compressors, Rock Drills, 

ETC., ETC. 


UNION IRON WORKS, 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL 


















Scene of Marshall's Gold Discovery, 


AT SUTTER’S SAWMILL, 

EL DORADO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, 
JANUARY 19, 1848. 


/ 
































A Stamp Mill in the Sixteenth 
Century. 

The illustration above is introduced here simply as a curiosity; it 
shows a reproduction of a wood cut of a Saxon stamp mill, taken from 
the well known work of Georgius Agricola von Bergwerk, published 
in 1557. It gives a very good idea of the construction of a stamp mill 
three and a half centuries ago. 

It was driven by a water wheel, and had a wooden barrel from 
which wooden cams projected. The stamp stems were made of wood, 
the shoes of stone and the ore was stamped on a granite boulder dry or 
wet, the latter method having been introduced as an improvement on 
the former one, about the beginning of the sixteenth century. Al¬ 
though the machine is very crude, made entirely of wood bound to¬ 
gether with rawhide and wooden pins, the same general principles are 
still used in all modern mills. 






























































First Stamp Mill in California. 


The Gold Mill illustrated above was considered in the “days of 
’49” one of the most modern and improved mills for the treatment of 
gold ores, although, after the lapse of over three centuries, there was 
but little improvement over the one shown on the opposite page. 

The bed for the mortar-block consisted of layers of timbers, 
crossing at right angles, tamped with sand and flooded with water. 
On this was placed the frame of the battery, and between the posts was 
fitted the mortar-block, not standing on end and deep in the ground 
as now, but lying on the ground, as did all the timbers under it. 

On the block was placed a low iron mortar, the sides of which 
were built up of plank and carefully secured with rods, bolts and 
screws. In the mortar worked nine stamps, each consisting of an iron 
head, 18 inches long by 6 inches square, without any shoes, and a tim¬ 
ber 10 feet long by 7 inches square. Through this timber was a slot 
wide enough to let the pegs play freely, to lift and drop it, the stamp 
being kept in place by suitable guides, top and bottom. 

The engraving perhaps gives a better idea of the mill than can be 
conveyed by any lengthy description. 

On the following pages will be found illustrations and compre¬ 
hensive descriptions of the modern gold mill, with its accessories, 
which show the wonderful development and improvement made during 
the last half century in this class of machinery. 


























H. r. Scott, Irving M. Scott, 

President and Treasurer. Vice-Pres't and Gen’l Manager. 

J. O’B. Gunn, 

Secretary. 

G. W. Dickie, Willis G, Dodd, 

Manager. Mining Engineer. 


/ 


CATALOGUE No. 5, 


Union Iron Works. 


GOLD MILLING. 

METALLURGICAL 


AND 


MINING MACHINERY. 


Office, 

222 Market Street. 

Main Works, 

Potrero. 

City Works, 

225 and 227 First Street. 


( .1 

CABLE ADDRESS, “UNION.” 

P. O. BOX, 2128. 

JUL 21 1898 ) 



.AN FRANCISCO, CAL. 


TWO COPIES RECEIVED. 
















'J8»Aai't*&2r*‘£$i-* .- 


-j/;. 

SW& **?;£>;> 


. 

" - 






O R EGON 


San Fran CISC 
Monterey, 


GENEEAE VIEW UNION IEOl 




































































Ch arleston. 


O LY M PIA. 


KS, SAN 1 -‘NAN CIS C O, G AI 



















































INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Amalgam Barrel, Clean-up or. 79 

Arrastra, . 

Arrastra, Primitive. 163 

Batterj r , One-stamp. 39 

“ Two-stamp Prospecting. 40, 41 

“ Two-stamp Wood Frame. 48, 49 

“ Three-stamp Prospecting. 42, 43 

“ Three-stamp Wood Frame. 50 

“ Five-stamp Pacific Iron Frame. 44, 45 

“ Five-stamp Union Iron Frame. 46, 47 

“ Ten-stamp Gold (one camshaft). 54 

“ Ten-stamp Gold (two independent camshafts) .... 56 

“ Approximate Weights. 58 

“ Specification, 10 stamps (one camshaft). 55 

“ Specification, xo stamps (two independent camshafts) . 57 

“ Screens. 76, 77 

Belt Tightener, Standard. 73 

Boiler, Single Horizontal. 123 

“ Double Horizontal.124, 125 

“ Standard Semi-portable Locomotive. 122 

“ Upright.120, 121 

Boxes, Camshaft.... . 68 

Cams, Self-fastening Union Improved. 65 

“ Common. 66, 67 

Chlorination Works .. 92 

“ Barrel Process. 94 

Concentrator, Union Improved. 85- 89 

Concentrates, . 93 

Crusher, Low’s Ore Sample. 20 

“ Dodge. 22 

“ Blake. 23 

“ Union Patent. 24, 25 

“ Union Gyratory. 26, 27 

Dies, Hard White, Iron or Cast Steel. 63 

“ Hammered Steel. 64 

Dryers, Revolving Ore. 96 

“ Shelf. 95 

Engine, Vertical Center-crank.104, 105 

“ Vertical Side-crank.106, ^07 

Horizontal Slide-valve.108-111 

“ Wheelock Corliss.112,11} 

“ Tandem Compound Corliss.114,115 

“ Cross Compound Corliss.116, 117 

“ Union Gasoline.118, 119 

Feeder, Union Challenge. 32 

“ Union Challenge, details. 34 , 35 

Union Challenge Hauging ... 33 

“ Tullock. 30 

Tullock Belt Driven. 3X 

Tullock “ Junior ”. 29 


























































PAGE. 

Frames, Battery. 51- 53 

Wood, for Batteries. 58 

Furnace, Roasting, DuBois O’Hara. 98, 99 

Howell-White.100, 101 

Improved Bruckner.102, 103 

Roasting and Matting . 97 

Retort and Bullion. 81, 82 

Gates, Ore-bin. 28 

Grinders, Low’s Ore Sample. 21 

Grizzly, . 19 

Guides, Battery. 70, 71 

Heater, Llewellyn.128, 129 

National Brass Coil. 130 

Introduction .. 5- 11 

Mill, Ten-stamp Gold . 12, 13 

“ Twenty-stamp Gold. 14 

“ One Hundred and Twenty Stamp. 18 

“ Specifications. 15 

Twenty-stamp Combination. 16, 17 

“ Union Roller. 84 

Mortar, Standard California Pattern Gold . . 59 

“ Sectional. 60- 62 

“ Hand. 37 

Moulds, Ingot. 83 

Overhead Crabs . 75 

Pan, Clean-up. 78 

Pipe, Hydraulic .. 142 

“ Tables. 143 

Pulley, Friction Clutch. 72 

Pulley Block, Weston’s Differential. 74 

Pumps, Steam. .... 126, 127 

“ Vertical Mining.132, 133 

“ Compound Sinking. 134 

“ Cameron Double Plunger. 135 

Pumping Machinery.136, 137 

Retorts, Gold. 80 

Scene of Marshall’s Gold Discovery.. . 1 

Screens, Revolving. 36 

Shoes, Hard White, Iron or Cast Steel. 63 

“ Hammered Steel. 64 

Sizing, . 9 °i 9 1 

Stamp Heads, . 63 

Stamp Stem, . 69 

Stamp Mill, Sixteenth Century. 2 

“ First California. 3 

Tappets, .. 63 

Useful Information.144-162 

Water Wheel, Pelton.138, 139 

“ “ Tables. 140, 141 

























































INTRODUCTION. 


In presenting this, our latest revised and enlarged Illustrated Metal¬ 
lurgical and Mining Machinery Catalogue, it is our intention to place before 
our friends, and mining public in general, a book that will be generally 
useful, the perusal of which will show the progress that has been made in 
this branch the last few years, and also shows that w r e have made it a point 
to keep pace with the various improvements that have been made from 
time to time in this class of machinery, as a result of which we are now in 
possession of the latest patterns, and our tools are of the latest and most 
modern design, thus facilitating rapidity and accuracy of work. 

The Union Iron Works have been established on the Pacific Coast since 
the year 1849. Our progress and prosperity may be noted by the steady 
growth from a small shop, until to-day it is the largest and best-equipped 
plant of its kind in the United States, and our engineering ability the best 
the country affords. 

Having branched out into the Ship Building Industry, our shipyards 
and docks are as fine and as well equipped as those to be found anywhere. 

The brick buildings cover an area of 250,000 square feet, the ground 
floor being six acres. 

Shops, shipyards, dry docks and slips include an area of twenty-five 
acres. 

Fitting, erecting, foundry, boiler shop and permanent scaffolding over 
the shipways are all fitted with overhead traveling cranes from eight to 
fifty tons capacity. 

The main buildings have iron roofs, brick walls, lighted from sides 
and roof, and supplied with electric and hydraulic systems for hoisting, 
shearing, riveting, flanging and stamping. 

In the shipyard is to be found one of the largest hydraulic dry docks 
in the world, and large ioo-ton shears for placing machinery in vessels. 

The works are conveniently situated on the Bay of San Francisco, and 
the tracks of the Southern Pacific Railroad enter its yards; thus being so 
advantageously located, we are enabled to obtain the best of rates and to 
ship by rail or water to all parts of the globe. 

As our manufacture of mining and metallurgical machinery dates back 
to the earliest mining in California, our experience as a natural result has 
been extensive, but it is not limited to the State of California alone; for our 
mining and milling machinery can be found in all the mining camps and 
districts of America, Alaska, Mexico, Central and South America, Australia 
and Africa ; thus, from our experience and facilities, we are in a position to 
produce the finest class of work with the greatest precision and dispatch. 

These facts are presented to the public so that they will be assured of 
the competency of our extensive works to cope and compete with all other 
builders of mining and milling machinery. 

Our steady growth and splendid success in the past is the best reward 
and testimonial that we can offer for our work and reliability. 

Information not contained in this catalogue, which from experience we 
may possess, we will with pleasure furnish upon application. 

We herewith respectfully solicit the patronage of those requiring 
machinery of which we are builders. 

Respectfully, 


San Francisco, Cal. 


UNION IRON WORKS. 








General Remarks on Machinery. 


It is a well-known fact among mining men that the Union Iron 
Works have always maintained a very high standard of work, and have 
contributed more perhaps than any other one concern to the many im¬ 
provements in mining and reduction machinery for the systematic 
mining, milling, smelting and concentration of ores, to which the won¬ 
derful mineral development of the country and abroad is so highly in¬ 
debted. 

No class of machinery should receive so much care in construction 
as that intended for mining purposes. It goes into remote and inac¬ 
cessible localities where repairs are always made at a great disadvan¬ 
tage, and with serious loss of both time and money. The purchaser of 
mining machinery cannot afford to ignore the fact that the best work 
that can be done is the cheapest, even at an enhanced cost. 

The excessive competition to which most of the work is now sub¬ 
jected is not calculated to produce the highest standard of excellence. 
Parties who have had the most experience in the purchase of this class 
of machinery recognize the fact that very low prices invariably mean 
cheap and inferior work. 

Another point generally lost sight of is the quality of material 
entering into its construction. None but those familiar with the busi¬ 
ness can appreciate the difference in the intrinsic value of work on this 
score, and the difficulty of guarding against this manner of cheapening 
it where there is a disposition to do so on the part of the manufacturer. 

Then there is a question of proper proportion for strength without 
undue weight, and the substitution of wrought iron and steel for cast 
iron, which can be done in many cases to the great advantage of the 
buyer. Where freight forms so large a part of the cost, as it generally 
does in mining machinery, this is a matter of the first importance. 

The manifestly safe way is to patronize such establishments as are 
disposed to consult the interests of the purchaser in all that relates to 
improved design and construction, and who care quite as much for their 
reputation for honest and conscientious work as for the matter of profit. 

Purchasing parties can have every assurance of honorable dealing 
and the benefit of our long experience and intimate knowledge of the 
business in all its branches. 

Respectfully, 

UNION IRON WORKS. 

San Francisco, Cal. 







Ten-stamp Gold Mill 

(driven by electricity) 










































































































































































































































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


Gold Milling. 


The Gold Mill as illustrated on the opposite page is used for the 
reduction of “free” milling gold ores. Mineralogically, these ores are 
characterized by a quartz gangue or matrix, carrying native gold, with 
which are generally associated auriferous sulphurets. Iron pyrite is 
usually the predominating auriferous sulphuret. It is often accom¬ 
panied by auriferous arsenical pyrites, chalcopyrite, zinc-blende, galena 
and less frequently by some of the telluride and other rare minerals. 

OUTLINE OF PROCESS. 

The ore is dumped on an inclined “grizzly,” as shown. The finer 
ore passes through the spaces between the bars and falls directly into 
the ore bin. The coarser ore (too large to pass through the grizzly) 
is screened off by gravity and falls on the floor close to the rock 
breakers. By these it is crushed and falls into the ore bins. From 
the ore bins the ore passes through gates into the “automatic feeders” 
(see illustration) which supply it to the batteries. Quicksilver is fed at 
intervals to the mortars, and coming in contact with the native or “free” 
gold in the pulverized ore (or pulp) forms amalgam, which is caught 
partly by the copper plates in the battery, and partly upon the silver 
plated copper amalgamating plates, placed in front of the screens, 
through which all the pulp must pass. 

The amalgam is “cleaned up” periodically and retorted. Retort¬ 
ing consists in the sublimation of the quicksilver, the vapors of which 
are condensed in water and the quicksilver collected. The residual 
gold is in a porous state. It is melted with fluxes in crucibles and cast 
in ingots. 

SULPHURETS—The pulp from which the free gold has been 
extracted by amalgamation is passed over some concentrating device 
of which there are many in use. These “Concentrators” effect a separa¬ 
tion of the auriferous sulphurets from the worthless gangue, which is 
run out as tailings. In California the sulphurets are treated generally 
by the Plattner Chlorination Process (see pages 92 and 93), but the 
cyanide process (see Catalogue No. 9) is used to some extent, and 
especially upon very fine sulphurets. When the treatment of sulphurets 
is inconvenient at the mine they are generally sold to smelting works. 

The gold ores of California carry on an average two per cent of 
sulphurets. The concentrated sulphurets assay on an average from 
$60 to $90 per ton in gold, with from a trace to several dollars in silver. 








THE UNION IRON WORKS , 





SvV- 


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liS&w(fi , ' : 


Twenty-stamp Gold Mill with Concentrators. 























































































































SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 


General Specifications for Gold Mills. 


Size of Mill.Number of Stamps.. 

IO 

20 

30 

40 

60 

/ 

Weight of Stamps. 

850 

850 

850 

850 

850 

Capacity in 24 hours, tons. 

30 

60 

90 

120 

180 

1 

Number of Grizzlies, x io'. 

I 

I 

1 

2 

3 

Number of Union Iron Works Crushers ... 

I 

I 

1 

2 

2 

Size of Crushers. 

8 X 12 

8x12 

8x12 

8x12 

8 x 12 

Number of Ore Bin Gates. 

2 

4 

6 

8 

12 

Overhead Crab and Chain Block. 

I 

1 

1 

2 

2 

Number of Union Automatic Ore Feeders. . 

2 

4 

6 

8 

12 

Number of Copper Plates. 

2 

4 

6 

8 

12 

Size of Copper Plates. 

4 ' X I 2 / 

4' X \ 7 .' 

4' X I 2 / 

4 ' X I 2 / 

4' X I 2 / 

Number of Union Ore Concentrators. 

4 

8 

12 

16 

24 

Four-foot Clean-up Pan. 

I 

1 

I 

I 

2 

Gold Retort and Melting Furnace. 

I 

1 

2 

2 

4 

Size of Engine for driving Mill. 

IO X 20 

12 x 24 

14 X30 

16 x 42 

20 x 42 

Number of Boilers. 

I 

I 

2 

2 

2 

Size of Boilers. 

42"x 14' 

4S"x 16' 

42 /a x 14' 

54 /a x i 6 / 

6o // x 1 6' 

Size of Cameron Steam Feed Pump. 

No. 0 

No. 1 

No. 2 

No. 3 

No. 4 

Size of Llewellyn Heater. 

No. 3 

No. 4 

No. 5 

No. 6 

No. 7 

Horse-power required to drive Mill. 

30 

46 

70 

100 

150 

Water required in gallons per hour. 

1,600 

3,200 

4,800 

6,400 

9,600 

Total approximate weight in tons. 

30 

55 

85 

113 

163 


All necessary shafting, pulleys, boxes and tighteners according to our plans. 

All piping, valves and fittings for steam and water connections. 

All belting and lace leather complete. 

All bolts and washers for frame work and machinery. 

In specifications we are always ready and willing to suit the ideas of 
engineers and millmen. Plans, specifications and estimates furnished upon 
application. 









































Twenty-stamp Mill, Combination Process, with Union Improved Concentrators. 








































SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 


Combination Process. 


The illustration on the opposite page gives an interior view of a 
Twenty-stamp Combination Mill equipped with Union Improved Con¬ 
centrators. 

The “Combination Process” is the method of treating gold and 
silver bearing ores by the application of the concentration and amal¬ 
gamation processes combined, and is especially adopted to ores that 
are not “free milling.” 

It is not an experimental nor new process, but simply a combina¬ 
tion of well-known and successful methods in daily operation through¬ 
out the mining sections of the country. 

The mill, which we illustrate herewith, is designed to treat re¬ 
fractory ores carrying gold and silver associated with the baser metals, 
such as iron and copper pyrites, lead, zinc, antimony, etc. 

The ore is first passed through the rock breaker or crusher into 
the ore bins, from whence it passes automatically into the self-feeders, 
which deliver it, as required, into the mortars of the battery. Here it 
is crushed wet, and discharged through the battery screens upon silver- 
plated copper plates, which extract the free gold contained in the ore. 
From these plates it passes on to the first set of Union Improved Con¬ 
centrators, where the heavier base metals are eliminated. The tailings 
from these machines then pass on to the second set of Union Improved 
Concentrators, where the final concentration takes place, eliminating 
the zinc, antimony, etc. The tailings from this last set of machines, 
containing the sulphides, chlorides and fine gold which cannot be con¬ 
centrated, pass into the settling tanks, where, after the surplus water 
is drawn from the pulp, it is shoveled into the pans, amalgamated, dis¬ 
charged into the settlers, and the amalgam strained, retorted and melt¬ 
ed in the usual manner. 

The concentrates obtained can be disposed of as may be best 
suited to the commercial conditions governing each particular case. 

This process is being adopted by many of the largest mines; and, 
for such ores as we have described, the “Combination Process” is not 
only the cheapest but the most practical method of reduction that can 
be employed under any and all conditions. 








18 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



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SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


The Grizzly. 


The grizzly illustrated below is made of special bar iron set on edge 
and bound together with wrought-iron rods and mesh thimbles. The 
iron used is rolled thinner on the lower edge, so that no rock can stick 
between the bars. 

It is built into the woodwork above the bins at an angle of 35 0 to 
40°, and all the ores brought to the mill are dumped upon it, the finer 
portion passing through into the bin, and the coarse passing by gravity 
to the rock breaker, and after crushing drops into the ore bin. 

We manufacture them of any required mesh and size. 


PRICE LIST, WEIGHTS, SIZES, ETC. 


Width 
in feet. 

Length 
in feet. 

Mesh 
in inches. 

Bars. 

Weight 
in pounds. 

Price. 

3 

6 

2 

14 x 3 

600 

$ 35-00 

3 

8 

2 

X *3 

800 

42.00 

3 

IO 

2 

X *3 

1,000 

48.00 

4 

8 

2 


1,200 

55-00 

4 

10 

2 


1,500 

66.00 

4 

12 

2 


1,800 

75.00 

5 

IO 

2 

H * 3 l X 

2,400 

92.00 

5 

12 

2 

% * 3 'A 

2,900 

104.00 

























THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



Low’s Ore Sample Crusher. 


The above illustration shows Low’s Ore Sample Crusher. The 
machine is so designed that it can be opened and perfectly cleaned at 
a moment’s notice. There are two breaking jaws, one movable and 
one stationary. The latter is hinged on top and held rigid on the 
bottom by a bolt slipped through both sides of frame and directly in 
front of jaw. After each sample is ground this bolt is removed and 
the jaw swung up on the hinge, exposing to view the whole inside of 
the machine and allowing access to every part where dust might have 
lodged, thus destroying the accuracy of the following assay. As so 
much depends on machines of this kind, we have used every effort to 
make this as perfect as ingenuity and mechanical skill could devise. 

It can be operated both by hand or belt. It is a useful machine 
in any mill or smelter, and particularly in custom works and labora¬ 
tories. The ore is here crushed preparatory for the sample grinder 
illustrated on opposite page. The wearing parts can easily be replaced 
when worn out. 

Weight, 400 pounds. Price, $80.00. 













SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 



Low’s Ore Sample Grinder. 


The above illustration shows Low’s Ore Sample Grinder. It re¬ 
ceives the material from the sample crusher and grinds it to a fine pow¬ 
der ready for the assayer. 

The machine is designed so it can be opened and perfectly cleaned 
at a moment’s notice. The outside and inside cones or grinders are so 
constructed that access is easily had to them. The outer cone is held 
in place by four set screws, as shown in illustration. When it is desired 
to clean the machine these screws are loosened and the cone slipped up, 
exposing the inside of the machine and allowing free access for clean¬ 
ing. It will be further noticed that the upper cone forming a hopper 
is the same as the bottom, and can be reversed, giving a new outer 
grinding shell when the latter is worn out. As so much depends on 
machines of this kind, we have used every effort to make this as perfect 
as ingenuity and mechanical skill could devise. It can be operated 
both by hand or belt. 

It is a useful machine in any mill or smelter, and particularly in 
custom works or laboratories. 

The wearing parts can easily be replaced when worn out. 

Weight, 250 pounds. Price, $80.00. 





























THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Improved Dodge Crusher. 


The Dodge Crusher shown in the illustration above should be em¬ 
ployed when fine crushing is desired. It is particularly adapted for 
crushing after the Union or Blake, to produce a fine and even product. 

In this crusher the movement is greatest at the top of the jaw, the 
lower part remaining nearly stationary, and the product leaving the 
machine must be of nearly uniform size,—determined by the distance 
the jaws are set apart. 

The jaw shaft rests in movable boxes, and the opening is varied 
by the position of these being fixed by packing plates on either side and 
tightening up the screws. 

The jaws and cheeks are provided with removable steel dies and 
plates, which, when worn, may be easily replaced. 

PRICE LIST, SIZES, WEIGHTS, ETC. 


Size 

of 

opening 

inches. 

♦Capacity 
in tons 

hour. 

Extreme dimensions. 

Driving Pulley 
tight and loose. 

Proper 

speed. 

Revolu¬ 

tions. 

Horse 

Power. 

Weight 

of 

heaviest 

piece. 

Total 

weight. 

Price. 

Length, 
ft. - in. 

Breadth, 
ft. - in. 

Depth, 
ft. - in. 

Diam. 
ft. - in. 

Face. 

inches. 

4x 4 

Vi to I 

2-4 

2-1 

1-6 

O - IO 

3 % 

400 

I 

200 

600 

$125.00 

6 x 6 

I to 2 

3-0 

3-0 

2-0 

I - O 

5 

350 

3 

360 

1,200 

i 75 -oo 

7x8 

3 to 4 

3-9 

3-7 

3 -0 

1-4 

6 

300 

5 

912 

2,200 

330.00 

8 x 12 

4 to 6 

4-6 

5 - 3 

4-0 

2-0 

8 

250 

7 

2,100 

4,600 

550.00 


*The capacity of the machine is determined by the fineness to which the material is crushed. 







































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 



The Blake Ore Crusher. 


The illustration above shows the Blake Ore Crusher as manu¬ 
factured by us. Its action is identical with that of the Original Blake 
(i. e., a swinging jaw, hung at the top, having its greatest movement at 
the bottom, and receiving its motion through toggles and an eccentric 
shaft), but with improvements in construction, suggested by years of 
experience and careful observation, producing a machine stronger and 
more durable, with the wearing parts easier of access and adjustment. 
This has been for years the Standard Crusher, and is used in many of 
the principal mines for breaking ore to convenient size for feeding to 
stamps. 

Heavy wrought-iron bolts take the strain while crushing, giving 
more .strength, and dispensing with unnecessary weight. 

Ore can be crushed to any size by regulating the opening between 
the jaws. This is accomplished by screwing up the nuts on the wedge 
bolts. 

The shoes, dies and cheek plates are of steel, and can be easily 
replaced and adjusted. 


PRICE LIST, SIZES, WEIGHTS, ETC. 


Size 

of 

opening, 

inches. 

Capacity 
in tons 
per 
hour. 

Driving Pulley 
tight and loose. 

Proper 

speed. 

Revolu¬ 

tions. 

Horse 

power 

required. 

Weight 

of 

heaviest 

piece. 

Total 

weight. 

Price. 

Diameter. 

Face. 

6x9 

3 to 5 

22 

6^ 

300 

5 

600 

4,300 

I325.OO 

8 x 12 

5 to 8 

3° 

6'/ 2 

250 

8 

1,600 

5,600 

500.00 

10 x 16 

9 to 15 

30 

10 'A 

200 

12 

3.600 

13,000 

850.00 

































24 


THE UNION IRON IVOR RTS, 



'fti:: ft 


h i 


'////, . /////; 


The Union Patent Rock Breaker 




























































































































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


The Union Patent Rock Breaker. 


The action of the Union Patent Rock Breaker is the same in prin¬ 
ciple as the well-known “Blake,” previously described, but certain 
differences in construction make it in many ways a more desirable 
machine. 

The toggle bearings are so arranged that wedges and wedge-bolts 
are dispensed with, and the full range of adjustment for wear and differ¬ 
ent sized product is made by simply screwing up the nuts on the side 
bolts, instead of by the use of wedges and toggles of varying size, the 
toggles on this machine being made square and of uniform size, so that 
all four edges may be worn out. 

The “Union” Breaker is built especially for heavy work, and parts 
subject to breakage by accident are easily replaced at small expense. 
The machine, for the same capacity, is somewhat lighter than the 
“Blake,” and is generally preferred. When desired, we make them in 
300 pound sections for mule-back transportation. 


PRICE LIST, WEIGHTS, ETC. 


Size 

of 

opening, 

inches. 

Capacity 

in tons 

per 

hour. 

Driving Pully 
tight and loose. 

Diameter. Face. 

Proper 

speed. 

Revolu¬ 

tions. 

Horse¬ 

power 

required. 

Weight 

of 

heaviest 

piece. 

Total 

weight. 

Price. 

6x9 

3 to 5 

22 

6'A 

300 

5 

575 

4,000 

$350.00 

8 x 12 

5 to 8 

30 

6 # 

250 

8 

1,600 

5,300 

500.00 

10 x 16 

9 to 15 

30 

io'A 

200 

12 

3,600 

12,500 

850.00 

























26 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


The Union Gyratory Crusher. 






























Size. 


SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


The Union Gyratory Crusher. 


The illustration on the opposite page shows the Union Gyratory 
Crusher. In all machines of this class, excepting the Union, the im¬ 
mense weight of the shaft and crushing head, together with the down¬ 
ward pressure or strain incident to crushing, falls upon a bottom step 
or bearing which is the place of greatest movement or gyration of the 
shaft. This results in largely increased friction; gives much trouble, 
because the bearings heat and wear; necessitates additional engine 
power for operating the crusher, and entails a loss of output by the 
required stopping of the machine to cool and repair the bearings. 

Again, in all gyratory crushers heretofore used, when the shaft 
is adjusted, its line of bearing is changed by reason of altering the set 
angle of the shaft when adjusted, and it has to find or wear new line 
bearings after each adjustment, which produces undue friction, heating 
and wearing of bearings, and increased engine power is required for 
running the machine. 

Heretofore, the operating mechanism of these machines has been 
and is now oiled through the pinion opening; and to do so, owing to 
danger of accidents, the machines must be stopped; and, further, no 
provision is made for removing the operating mechanism of the shaft 
from the machine in case of repairs or replacement of parts without 
dismantling the entire machine, and this all involves a loss of time and 
output. 

The Union Crusher avoids all these disadvantages. All difficulties 
have been overcome by long, practical experience, and we claim we 
have a rock crusher that cannot be excelled by any known machine up 
to the present time. 

For a full, detailed and comprehensive description, see our special 
pamphlet. 

PRICE LIST, SIZES, WEIGHTS, ETC. 


Size of 
openings 
in crusher. 

Size of 
combined 
openings. 

Capacity per 
hour in tons of 
2,000 lbs., macad¬ 
am or ballast. 
Size 2% inches. 

Dimensions of 
tight and loose 
Driving Pulley. 

Revolu¬ 
tions of 
Driving 
Pulley. 

Size of engine 
in horse-power 
for Crusher, 
elevator and 
screen. 

Weight 

of 

crusher 
in lbs. 

Price. 

Diam. 

| Face. 

5 

X 12 

5 

x 36 

| A'/z to 8 / z 

20 

4 

500 

5 to 

6 

5.500 

$ 600.00 

6 

x 14 

6 

X 42 

7 

to 12 

24 

5 

475 

8 to 

10 

7,900 

800.00 

7 

XI5 

7 

X 45 

15 

tO 20 

28 

6 

450 

12 to 

15 

14,000 

1,200.00 

8 

X 18 

8 

x 54 

20 

to 30 

32 

8 

425 

15 to 

20 

21,000 

1,800.00 

IO 

X 20 

10 

x 60 

30 

to 40 

36 

10 

400 

18 to 

22 

27,500 

2,500.00 

n 

X 24 

11 

X 72 

40 

to 60 

40 

12 

375 

25 to 

30 

42,000 

3,500.00 

14^x30 

I4^x 90 

60 

to 125 

44 

14 

375 

40 to 

60 

64,000 

5,000.00 

18 

x 42 

18 

XI26 

100 

to 150 

48 

16 

375 

60 to 

75 

91,000 

6,500.00 

20 

x 44 

20 

XI32 

120 

to 175 

52 

18 

370 

80 to 

no 

100,000 

8,000.00 






























28 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



Ore Bin Gates. 


The illustration above shows an Ore Bin Gate attached to an ore 
bin, its inclined bottom being an extension of the floor of the ore bin. 
The gate itself consists of a piece of boiler plate with a rack attached in 
the center, working in iron guides by the action of a pinion on the rack 
operated by a hand wheel at the side. 

Ore Bin Gates in mills are used to supply automatic feeders and 
sometimes rock breakers. 

The larger sizes are used in mines and on railroad tracks to load 
cars, and are indispensable in systematic mining and milling. 

They are furnished complete with plate, rack, guides, shaft, boxes, 
hand wheel and all necessary lag screws, and are built of any required 
size. 


PRICE LIST, WEIGHTS, SIZES, ETC. 


Width 
in inches. 

Height 
in inches. 

Thickness 
in inches. 

| length of 
shaft 

1 in inches. 

Weight 
in pounds. 

Price. 

12 

18 

X 

33 

160 

$ 18.00 

18 

24 

X 

39 

180 

20.00 

18 

26 

X 

39 

205 

23.00 

20 

24 

X 

41 

194 

22.00 

24 

28 

X 

45 

240 

26.00 

24 

30 

X 

45 

315 

30.00 

24 

42 

X 

45 

420 

40.00 

26 

30 

X 

47 

290 

32.00 




























SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


“Junior'” Tullock Ore Feeder. 

The illustration above shows the “Junior” Tullock Automatic Ore 
Feeder for Two and Three Stamp Batteries. 

They are direct acting, and give a steady uniform feed. The swing¬ 
ing spout under the hopper is actuated by a lever which is struck by a 
collar fastened to one of the stems. 

The feeders are supported upon rollers, so that they may be run 
back from the battery, if necessary. 

Weight. Price. 

Two-stamp Battery Feeder.280 lbs. $55.00. 

Three-stamp Battery Feeder.350 lbs. 65.00. 

Further information given upon application. 



















































THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



The Tullock Ore Feeder. 


The above illustration shows the Tullock Automatic Ore Feeder. 
It is direct acting, and gives a regular and steady feed to the battery. 
The tappet strikes a wrought-iron bumper rod which runs up on the 
s.do of the stamp stem, and has a rubber bumper on the top end to ease 
up the shock. This rod is connected to a lever that gives the motion to 
the swinging spout under the hopper. There is an adjustable scraper 
in the back of the hopper, and at each motion of the spout a portion of 
the ore is scraped forward to the battery. 

They are built with rollers on their supports so that they can be 
run back from the battery when any repairs are to be made. The 
feeders are made any height to suit the battery. 

Weight, 700 pounds. Price, $100.00. 


















SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


3 i 



The Tullock Ore Feeder. 


belt driven. 


The Tullock Ore Feeder, belt driven as shown above, is adapted 
to pulverizing machinery, where an intermittent discharge provided by 
the fall of a stamp is inapplicable. 

The general arrangement is substantially the same as appears in 
the opposite illustration, the only changes being those involved in the 
different application of power. 

Weight, 825 pounds. 


Price, $150.00. 




























































THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


The illustration above shows the latest improved Union Challenge 
Ore Feeder. 

Uniform and accurate feeding is obtained even with wet or sticky 
ores, by means of an advancing plane or table to the line of discharge 
from which the ore is dropped into the mortar. 

The rocker shaft is placed in front and receives its blow from a 
collar secured to the middle stem of a five-stamp battery. 

A counter weight is used instead of a spring to return the rocker 
shaft to position, and is by far the best device in use, as it insures uni¬ 
form motion, with fewest parts, and is always ready for operation. The 
jar is relieved by means of a spring under the weight, as will be seen in 
the illustration. 

This feeder can be made, belt driven as shown on page 31, when 
desired. 

Weight, 900 pounds. Price, $100.00. 


Union Challenge Ore Feeder. 






























Union Challenge Hanging Ore Feeder. 


The illustration above shows a Union Challenge Hanging Ore 
Feeder. 

In principle it is the same as the one illustrated and described on 
the previous page. The frame is made entirely of iron. It is provided 
at the top with four flanged wheels, for running on a track, back and 
forth as may be desired, in case of repairs or otherwise. 

The main feature of the feeder is that it is entirely out of the way, 
and at all times allows a clear walk along the feed side of the mortar. 

For general arrangement, see page 51. 

Weight, 1,000 pounds. Price, $125.00. 


SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


































SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 


Union Iron Works Challenge Ore Feeder 

Details. 


No. 

i. 

Sheet Iron Hopper. 

No. 

2. 

Cast Iron Hopper. 

No. 

3 - 

Table. 

No. 

4 - 

Pinion. 

No. 

5 - 

Small Side Plate. 

No. 

6. 

Scraper. 

No. 

7 - 

Scraper Spring. 

No. 

8. 

Step. 

No. 

9 - 

Spindle. 

No. 

IO. 

Horizontal Shaft. 

No. 

ii. 

Shaft Box. 

No. 

12. 

Friction Plate. 

No. 

13 - 

Brake Wheel. 

No. 

14. 

Pawl. 

No. 

i 5 - 

Steel Spring for Brake Wheel Pawl. 

No. 

16. 

Pawl Shoes. 

No. 

i 7 - 

Brake Bracket. 

No. 

18. 

Brake Shoe. 

No. 

19. 

Brake Spring. 

No. 

20. 

Weight. 

No. 

23- 

Rocker Shaft and Levers. 

No. 

24. 

Fulcrum. 

No. 

25 - 

Center Box for Rocker Shaft. 

No. 

26. 

Hand Wheel. 

No. 

26a 

Lock Nut. 


See illustrations on opposite page. 












THE UNION IRON WORKS , 




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SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


Hand Mortar. 

The Hand Mortar illustrated above is intended more especially for 
the use of prospectors, but will be found a useful adjunct in connection 
with the development of any mine. 

Weight, 150 pounds. Price, $15.00. 







38 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



The Arrastra. 


The illustration above shows a transverse section of an Arrastra as commonly 
employed, though, for economy’s sake, plate iron is frequently used in place of 
stone or concrete walls. In some instances the general design must be modified 
to suit the local conditions. 

It is a very primitive machine, consisting of two or more heavy drags of 
stone (that will not easily assume a polished surface) slowly pulled around on a 
stone bed and grinding the ore under them. The diameters vary from eight to 
twelve feet, the width of the annular space from three to eight feet, and the height 
of the wall from one foot six inches to three feet. The drags should be as large 
as can conveniently be put in. Their weights vary about from two hundred to 
one thousand pounds respectively. Six or seven hundred pounds is the usual size 
employed, and can easily be drawn by a pair of mules. The speed is from six to 
twelve revolutions per minute, the former being that of animal and the latter 
that of water or steam power. 

The arrastra was adopted to a great extent by the pioneers of California 
Gold Quartz Mining, from the practice of the old Mexican Silver Miners. It is 
still used to quite an extent, because it can almost wholly be built locally, is very 
cheap to erect, is simple to work, and a very efficient gold-saver. It is especially 
adapted for poor miners that have little or no capital to buy small mills to work 
their own claims. Where the ore is rich and the veins small, the arrastra cannot 
be excelled for the prospector and pioneer in remote and new mining regions. 
Its use should be confined to free milling ores, containing only a small percentage 
of sulphurets, such as compose the out-crop of most quartz ledges. 

IRON WORK FOR ONE TWELVE-FOOT ARRASTRA. 

Weight, 2,400 pounds. Price, $ 200.00. 

Further information cheerfully given upon application. 



















































































No. 

Horse¬ 

power 

required. 

Tons 

capacity 

per 

24 hours. 

Slotted 
screens 
to be 
used. 

Diameter 

of 

pulley. 

Revolu¬ 
tion of 
pulley. 

Drop. 

In. 

Drops 

per 

minute. 

Weight 

heaviest 

piece. 

Weight 

of 

stamp. 

Weight 
of mill 
complete. 

Cash 

price 

complete. 

° 

I 

I 

No. 6 

16 x 3 ^ 

150 

4 

150 

135 

125 

740 

$150.00 

i 

2 

3 

No. 6 

18 x 5 ^ 

195 

5 

130 

375 

450 

2,200 

300.00 

2 

3 

5 

No. 6 

22x6^ 

19° 

5 

125 

1,250 

900 

4,000 

450.00 


Nos. o and i are portable, and capable of being easily taken to pieces and packed 
on mules or horses. 


SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 


One-stamp Mill. 


PRICE LIST, SIZES, ETC. 


The One-stamp Mill, illus¬ 
trated herewith, is made in 

three different sizes, as shown 
in table below. It is particu¬ 
larly designed for prospecting 
and development work, is self- 
contained, makes an up-to-date 
battery, and serves well the 

purpose for which it is in¬ 

tended. 

It differs from other types 
of batteries in that it has a re¬ 
volving tappet instead of a re¬ 
volving cam. The cam and 

tappet are both of peculiar con¬ 
struction, and the latter is se¬ 
cured to the stem of the stamp 
so as to revolve with it at the 
same time that it is lifted. The 
cam is a plain curved incline, 
mounted on a rubber cushion 
to prevent jarring. The stamp 
is raised by the tappet rising on 
the curved cam, and, as it drops 
off the cam, a grinding opera¬ 
tion is produced by the rotation 
of the stamp, until it is again 
lifted. This ingenious arrange¬ 
ment gives both a crushing and 
a grinding action to the stamp, 
a very valuable combination. 

There are many of these 
mills in use, and give excellent 
satisfaction. 

Further information cheer¬ 
fully given upon application. 



































































































































THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Patented, Aug. 3 , 1897 . No. 27 , 479 . 

IRON FRAME 

Two-stamp Prospecting Battery. 

SELF-CONTAINED. 











































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


Two-stamp Iron Frame Prospecting 
Battery. 

To meet the demand for a small Prospecting Battery, that may be 
easily and cheaply erected, we have designed the Portable Iron Frame 
Battery, shown on the opposite page. It is wholly self-contained, and 
can be erected by any one, all parts being fitted and plainly marked to 
place before leaving the works. 

The mortar block (the upper portion of which appears in the cut) 
is similar to that required for any other form of battery, 2o"x24", of a 
suitable length. It can be hewn out of a log or built up of 2" plank, 
spiked together; this makes an excellent block, and is often used where 
timber is scarce and transportation is difficult. 

The mortar is of the latest design, and can be fitted with inside 
plates for battery amalgamation if desired, and weighs 1,200 pounds. 

These mills are as perfect in detail and as thoroughly well built as 
those of larger capacities. 


Weight of stamps. 275 pounds. 

Capacity per day. 2 tons. 

Power required. horse-power. 

Weight of battery complete. 3,000 pounds. 

Price, f. o. b. San Francisco.$250.00. 


Including battery complete, above block, as shown, with screen 
and keys and holding-down bolts. 

If made in sections for mule-back transportation, $25.00 extra. 
Automatic feeder for this battery shown on page 29. 
















Three-stamp Pacific Iron Frame Prospecting 

Battery. 







































































































































































































































































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


Three-stamp Pacific Iron Frame 
Triple Discharge Prospecting Battery. 

On the opposite page is illustrated a Portable Three-stamp Battery. 
It is entirely self-contained, and ready for operation as it leaves the 
works. 

Its construction is simple, and the parts are marked to place, so that 
it may be easily and quickly erected. 

The heaviest piece is the mortar base, which weighs 1,350 pounds. 
It is made with three discharge openings, which are provided with 
screens and keys. 

We have built a number of these for prospecting work, and they 
give the best of satisfaction. 


Weight of stamps. 350 pounds. 

Capacity per day. 4 tons. 

Power required. 2.\ horse-power. 

Total shipping weight. 5,000 pounds. 

Price, f. o. b. San Francisco. $425.00. 


When made in sections for mule-back transportation, price addi¬ 
tional, $40.00. 

Automatic feeder for this battery shown on page 29. Further 
information upon application. 















Five-stamp Pacific Iron Frame Battery. 


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


Pacific Iron Frame Battery. 


The Pacific Iron Frame Battery, illustrated on the opposite page, 
is made in four different sizes, as shown by the table below. It is par¬ 
ticularly designed for prospecting or development work, and serves 
the purpose well. All parts are constructed in such a way that, when 
taken apart and moved to another prospect, anyone can put the differ¬ 
ent pieces together and quickly have a rigid battery ready for practical 
operation. We recommend it for above purposes; it is portable, re¬ 
quires no skilled mechanic, and gives good results. 


WEIGHTS, PRICES, ETC. 


Number 
of stamps 
in 

battery. 

Weight 

of 

stamps, 

pounds. 

Capacity 
per day, 
tons. 

1 Horse 
power 
required. 

Total 

weight, 

pounds. 

Price 
f. 0. b. 

San Francisco 

Additional 

charge 

when 

sectional. 

X 

500 

2 

I 

4,000 

$320.00 

$40.00 

2 

500 

4 

2 

4,600 

375.OO 1 

40.00 

3 

500 

6 


6,600 

500.00 

50.00 

5 

500 

9 

5 

II.500 

650.00 

80.00 


EXTRAS. 


Shoes and Dies, per set (5 each).$40.00 

Tappets, each.10.00 

Cams, each. 12.00 

Stamp Heads, each.9.00 

Stems, each. 20.00 

Screens, each 4.00 


Union Ore Feeder for feeding Batteries, 900 lbs. $100 

Illustrated on page 32. 

Parties ordering these mills for use in distant localities will find it 
desirable to have a few extras, such as in all mills are subject to wear 
and the possibility of breakage. We would recommend that with each 
Five-stamp Battery the following extras be included: 

3 extra sets, Shoes and Dies. 1 extra Tappet. 

1 extra Cam. 1 extra Stamp Head. 

6 extra Screens. 

When these batteries are used for working gold ores, a copper 
apron plate should be used, which is electro-silver-plated with one 
ounce of silver to each square foot of apron. The size of tnis apron 
depends upon the number of stamps used, but should contain six 
square feet of surface for each stamp, and costs $25, thus making the 
apron plate for a Five-stamp Battery cost $125.00. 

If the ore contains valuable sulphurets, these should be saved, and 
for this purpose we recommend that a “Union” Concentrator be used. 
These machines will not only save the sulphurets, but also catch any 
amalgam or gold which may pass the plate or apron. 

Further particulars given upon application. 






























_ 













































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


Union Iron Frame Battery. 


The Union Iron Frame Battery, illustrated on the opposite page, obviates all 
objections and meets fully the demand for a cheap and portable mill complete in 
itself, that can be put up without any skilled labor—conditions of great import¬ 
ance in many mining districts,—and that can be absolutely depended upon for 
the best results. In general construction, as will be seen, it is precisely the same 
as the most improved form of battery intended for wood work. 

The mortar used in this battery is the latest improved standard mortar, being 
securely fastened to the mortar block by holding-down bolts. The columns are 
made of channel iron, to which the top bridge-tree, cam-shaft boxes and base piece 
are securely bolted or riveted, combining strength with durability and neatness of 
design. 

The mortar block, the upper section of which is shown in the engraving, is 
the same as that required for any other style of battery. It is ordinarily eight to ten 
feet in length and made of two-inch plank, spiked and bolted together. This 
makes a good block, and, in localities difficult of access, can be easily transported 
on either mule-back or otherwise. 

When made in sections, the mortar is cut into six pieces or more, of full 
packing weight, and provided with reamed bolts for fastening together when in 
place. 

The mill being complete, no millwright or other skilled labor is necessary in 
setting up. The pieces are so marked that anyone with ordinary intelligence can 
easily and quickly put it up in good running order. 

A single battery of five stamps makes a perfect mill. When larger capacity 
is wanted any additional number may be added, making a ten, twenty or forty 
stamp mill as desired; as may be mentioned, this Company having furnished ioo 
stamps of this design to the famous Compania Huanchaca de Bolivia, also twenty 
stamps to the Amarillas Mine, Mines Prietas, Sonora, Mexico. 

Although adapted to any locality, they have come more especially into use 
in Mexico, Central and South America and Africa, where facilities for securing 
available timber and having it framed are limited. The many advantages of this 
battery for such a location are therefore most apparent. 

Weight. Price. 

1. Stamp Battery (750 lbs.). 6,500 $ 450.00 

2 . “ “ “ 9,000 675.00 

3. “ “ “ 12,500 875.00 

5. “ “ “ 17,200 1,225.00 

When made in sections for mule transportation, add 12 % per cent to above prices. 


Shoes and Dies, per set (5 each), white iron.$ 5 0 00 

Shoes and Dies, per set (5 each;, steel. 90.00 

Tappets, each . . i 5 -°° 

Cams, each. 18.00 

Stamp Heads, each. 12.00 

Stems, each. 27.00 

Screens, each. 5 '°° 

Union Ore Feeder for feeding Batteries, 900 lbs. - - $100. 

Illustrated on page 32. 


Parties ordering these mills for use in distant localities will find it desirable 
to have a few extras, such as in all mills are subject to wear and the possibility of 
breakage. We would recommend that with each Five-stamp Battery the follow¬ 
ing extras be included: 

3 extra sets, Shoes and Dies. 1 extra Tappet. 

1 extra Cam. 1 extra Stamp Head. 

6 extra Screens. 


When these batteries are used for working gold ores, a copper apron plate 
should be used, which is electro-silver-plated with one ounce of silver to each 
square foot of apron. The size of this apron depends upon the number of stamps 
used, but should contain not less than six square feet of surface for each stamp, 
and costs $25, thus making the apron plate for a Five-stamp Battery cost $125.00. 

If the ore contains valuable sulphurets, these should be saved, and for this 
purpose we recommend that a Union Belt Concentrator be used. These machines 
will not only save the sulphurets, but also catch any amalgam or gold which may 
pass the plate or apron. 

Further details furnished upon application. 


















Two-stamp Wood Frame Battery. 






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


Two-stamp Wood Frame Battery. 

triple discharge. 


On the opposite page is shown a Two-stamp Triple Discharge 
Wood Frame Battery. As will be seen in the illustration, the battery 
posts rest on the mortar base, designed especially large for the pur¬ 
pose, making the complete battery self-contained and easily erected. 
Its capacity is nearly that of an ordinary Five-stamp Mill and is par¬ 
ticularly adapted to ores carrying a high percentage of sulphurets, 
where the process of concentration is essential. The iron work 
throughout is practically the same as used in our large standard bat¬ 
teries, the cams are of the Union self-fastening type and the tappets, 
stems, etc., all of the best material. 

The engraving is so complete in detail that little or no description 
is necessary. 

The heaviest piece is the mortar weighing 3,600 pounds. 


Weight of stamps. 850 pounds. 

Capacity per day. 8 tons. 

Power required . 3^ horse-power. 

Shipping weight . 10,000 pounds. 

Price, f. o. b. San Francisco. $540.00. 


Automatic feeder for this battery shown on page 29. 

In furnishing machinery for a mill of any capacity, we provide 
without additional charge complete plans for erecting. 













Three-stamp Self-contained Wood Frame Battery. 

SINGLE DISCHARGE. 


The illustration above shows a Three-stamp Single Discharge Wood Frame 
Battery. 

The mortar is provided with brackets and seats, in which the battery posts are 
firmly secured, as shown. 

The battery is complete above the mortar block, and is easily erected, all 
parts being fitted and marked to place before leaving the works. 


Weight of stamps.800 pounds. 

Capacity per day.10 tons. 

Power required. 4 % horse-power. 

Shipping weight.10,000 pounds. 

Price, f. o. b. San Francisco.$575.00. 


Automatic feeder for this battery shown on page 29. 
























































































































































































52 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Battery with Back Knee Frame, showing Tightener, 
Feeder, Ore Bin and Gate. 

































































































































































































































THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


The Ten-stamp Wet Crushing Battery illustrated above is representative of the latest and 
best practice, and is our standard design. 

In this battery the cams are all mounted on one cam shaft, placed for convenience on 
the front side of the battery posts, and driven from a countershaft below the feeder floor, 
back of the battery. A tightener pulley is employed by which the stamps can be stopped or 
put in motion without stopping the driving pulley. The pulley on cam shaft is built of wood 
on cast-iron flanges, which is necessary, as an iron pulley subjected to the rapid succession 
of jars, caused by the dropping of the stamps, would soon crystallize and break. 

The cams are of the Union improved self-fastening type (see page 65), reliable in every 
particular, and give excellent satisfaction. 

The cam-shaft boxes or knee boxes (see page 68) are of the most improved form, have 
no cap, and are provided with drip grooves around the base for catching the waste oil. 

The mortar is our standard California pattern (see page 59), embodying all practical fea¬ 
tures suggested through years of experience. 

The stamp stems, tappets, heads, shoes and dies are all of the most improved design 
(see pages 63, 64 and 69). 

This battery throughout is modern, complete, efficient and up-to-date in every respect. 

We furnish complete working drawings for setting all our machinery and plans for 
frames also, so that any competent millwright can build them and assemble the parts. 

The engraving shows, besides the complete battery, the ore-bin gates, automatic ore 
feeders and copper silver-plated amalgamating plates. 

See opposite page for general specification. 


Ten-stamp Battery. 



















































































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


General Specification of a Ten-stamp, 
Wet-crushing Battery. 

(ONE CAM SHAFT.) 

[See illustration on opposite page ] 

2 High mortars, of improved pattern, single discharge, planed 
on bottom and for screen frames. 

2 Screen frames of soft pine, fitted to mortars. 

2 Screens, steel wire or punched. 

8 Gib-headed keys for screen frames. 

2 Sheets of rubber, for mortar cushions, 
io Stamp dies. 

io Stamp shoes. 

io Stamp heads, bored for stems. 

io Stems of refined iron or mild steel, both ends tapered, 
io Tappets, with wrought-iron gibs, two steel keys, 
io Union self-fastening cams, 5 right and 5 left hand, double 
armed. 

1 Cam shaft of hammered iron or steel, turned and marked for 
each cam. 

3 Cam shaft boxes, bored and planed on bottom and back. 

2 Wrought-iron cam shaft collars, with steel set screws. 

1 Pair cast-iron sleeve flanges, 36" diameter, with wood pulley 
7 i 2 ,/ xi6 // , built up of clear, seasoned pine, and fitted to flanges, which are 
bored and keyed to the shaft. 

2 Upper and two lower hardwood guides, bored for stems, with 
proper bolts. 

2 W. I. jack shafts. 

4 C. I. jack shaft bearings, with lag screws. 

10 Latch sockets with fingers, lined with leather. 

10 Wood fingers, mounted complete. 

1 Set of water pipes, valves and fittings, as required. 

All bolts, nuts, rods and washers for a 10-stamp battery frame, 
complete. 

1 Steel key for loosening shoes and stamp heads. 








56 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



Ten-stamp Battery. 

(TWO INDEPENDENT CAM SHAFTS.) 


The Ten-stamp Battery illustrated above is in general design the 
same as shown and described on page 54, with the exception that the 
cams are mounted on two separate shafts and each having its driving 
pulley. * 

This battery has advantages over the one referred to in that each 
five stamps can be independently hung up (without stopping or in any 
way interfering with the other), which is often desirable for economy, 
in case of insufficient quantity of ore, shortage of water, or in case of 
repairs. 

General detail specification shown on following page. 




















































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


General Specification of a Ten-stamp, 
Wet-crushing Battery. 

(TWO INDEPENDENT CAM SHAFTS.) 

[See illustration on opposite page.] 


2 High mortars, of improved pattern, single discharge, planed on 
bottom and for screen frames. 

2 Screen frames of soft pine, fitted to mortars. 

2 Screens, steel wire or punched. 

8 Gib-headed keys for screen frames. 

2 Sheets of rubber, for mortar cushions. 

io Stamp dies. 

io Stamp shoes. 

io Stamp heads, bored for stems. 

io Stems of refined iron or mild steel, both ends tapered. 

io Tappets, with wrought-iron gibs, two steel keys. 

io Union self-fastening cams, 5 right and 5 left hand, double 
armed. 

2 Cam shafts of hammered iron or steel, turned and marked for 
each cam. 

2 Narrow cam shaft boxes, bored and planed on bottom and 

back. 

1 Wide cam shaft box, bored and planed on bottom and back. 

4 Wrought-iron cam shaft collars, with steel set screws. 

2 Pairs cast-iron sleeve flanges, 36" diameter, with wood pulleys 
72"xi4", built up of clear, seasoned pine, and fitted to flanges, which 
are bored and keyed to the shaft. 

2 Upper and two lower hardwood guides, bored for stems, with 
proper bolts. 

2 W. I. jack shafts. 

4 C. I. jack shaft bearings, with lag screws. 

10 Latch sockets for fingers, lined with leather. 

10 Wood fingers, mounted complete. 

1 Set of water pipes, valves and fittings, as required. 

All bolts, nuts, rods and washers for a 10-stamp battery frame, 
complete. 

1 Steel key for loosening shoes and stamp heads. 















58 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Approximate Weight of Stamp Batteries. 

Weight of iron work, including wood pulley and guides for stand¬ 
ard batteries, complete, as specified on pages 54 and 56. 

5 Stamps, 750 lbs. each.12,500 lbs. 


10 


750 “ “ . . . 

.25,000 


5 

t < 

800 “ “ . . . 


44 

10 

“ 

800 “ • “ . . . 

.28,000 


5 

(4 

00 

Ol 

0 

.14500 


10 

“ 

850 “ “ . . . 

.29,000 

1 ‘ 

5 


900 “ “ . . . 

.15,000 

4 4 

10 

i ( 

900 “ “ . . . 

.30,000 


5 


950 “ “ . . . 

. I 5 , 5 oo 

4 4 

10 

41 

950 “ “ . . . 

.31,000 

4 4 

5 

< < 

1,000 “ “ . . . 

.16,000 

U 

10 

< i 

1,000 “ “ . . . 



5 


1,050 “ “ . . . 


“ 

10 

44 

1,050 “ “ . . . 


4 4 

5 

< 4 

1,100 “ “ . . 

.17,000 

4< 

10 

44 

1,100 “ “ . . . 

. 34 ,ooo 

li 

5 


1,200 “ “ . . . 


44 

10 

( ( 

1,200 “ “ . . . 


44 

5 

t ( 

1,300 “ “ . . . 

.19,000 

44 

10 

< < 

1,300 “ “ . . . 



5 

44 

1,350 “ “ . . . 

. 19-500 

44 

10 

44 

1 , 35 ° “ “ . . . 


44 


Wood Frames for Batteries. 


We supply complete wooden battery frames when circumstances 
make it impossible or too expensive to obtain timber near the millsite. 
The frames built by us are always set up in our shops, and when 
knocked down are marked so as to be easily put together again. 
Weights in following table are approximate for standard frames. 



850 OR 1,000 

Pound Stamps. 

3 stamps, with mortar block, 

4,500 lbs., Price 

3 

“ without “ 

2,000 “ “ 

5 

“ with 

14,000 “ “ 

5 

“ without “ 

8,000 “ “ 

10 

“ with 

26,500 “ “ 

10 

“ without “ “ 

14,500 “ 


Further details given upon application. 














































Gold Mortar. 

STANDARD CALIFORNIA PATTERN. 


The capacity and efficiency of a mill is largely dependent on the 
design and construction of the mortars, and it has taken many years of 
patient experiment by mining men to determine the best proportions 
to use. 

The mortar illustrated above is one of the most popular designs we 
have produced, and in its proportions and construction represents the 
best California practice, and in all the minor details is thoroughly up to 
date. 

This mortar is suitable for 1,000-pound stamps, is provided with 
cast-iron lining plates, and provision is made for one copper plate in 
front only. Complete with liners, it weighs about 7,000 pounds. 

Further information given upon application. 


SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 

















































6o THE UNION IRON WORKS , 




a 

o 

H 

aJ 


J-t 

O 

a 

co 


p 

aJ 

u 

H 


r* 

o 

88 

•Q 

i 

3 

s 

v-t 

O 

Ph 


to 

»-l 

.2 

4 -» 

a 

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rO 











































































SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 61 


Sectional Machinery 

—FOR— 

Mule-back Transportation. 

We manufacture Sectional Machinery of all kinds to be transported 
on mule-back. Our experience in this class of machinery has been 
varied and extensive, and we are prepared to furnish plants of any 
magnitude. 

The illustration on the opposite page shows a Sectional Mortar 
made entirely of cast iron. The sections are made not to exceed 300 
pounds in weight, which permits them to be packed on mule-back over 
the roughest trails. 

All sections are planed and fitted to each other, and bound to¬ 
gether by perfectly fitted bolts, as is clearly shown in the engraving. 

This mortar, when properly bolted together, is as strong and 
equally efficient as one cast solid. 

Information regarding sectional machinery of any type furnished 
upon application. 







62 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Sectional Mortar. 

(1,000-POUND SECTIONS.) 


The mortar illustrated above is made in 1,000-pound sections, is 
very strong and substantial, and is suitable for 1,100-pound stamps. 
No lining plates are employed. 

The sections are held together by a large number of heavy fitted 
bolts, with spring-lock washers under the nuts, making it as rigid and 
efficient as a solid mortar. Provision is made for a copper plate in 
both front and back, and independent wedges hold the chuck block in 
place, so that the screen frame may be removed without disturbing it. 

Weight of mortar, about 6,500 pounds. 


































SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



Fig- i. 


Shoes. 


Fig - , i illustrates the common form of a 
Stamp Shoe. It is cylindrical with a taper shank, 
and is cast of steel or hard white iron. 

Dies. 


Fig. 2 illustrates the Die. The body, like 
the shoe, is cylindrical, and of a corresponding 
diameter, while the base is a rectangular flange 
with corners cut off. Shoes and dies are made 
either of steel or white iron. 



Fig. 2. 

Gib Tappets. 



Fig. 3 - 


The Tappet, made of cast steel or iron, is se¬ 
cured to the upper part of the stem, and forms a 
projection under which the cam catches and lifts 
the stamp. Fig. 3 is a Tappet with two keys 
only. We make them with two or three 
keys, as may be required. Both ends are 
faced and counterbored, so that they can be re¬ 
versed on the stem and both ends used before it 
is worn out. It is secured to the stem by a 
wrought-iron gib fitting the curvature of the stem, 
and held against it by the keys in the side of the 
Tappet. 


Stamp Heads. 


The Stamp Head, Socket or Boss, as they 
are sometimes called, is shown in Fig. 4. It is 
cylindrical, and is made of cast steel or the tough¬ 
est cast iron, sometimes strengthened by 
wrought-iron bands shrunk on both ends. It is 
cast with two conical sockets, one in the top for 
the stem, which is always bored to a standard 
taper, and one in the bottom to receive the shank 
of the shoe. Keyways are cast through the stamp 
head at the bottom of each socket for the purpose 
of driving out the shoe or stem. 



Fig. 4 - 

































































Fig. i. Fig. 2. 


Hammered Tool=steel Shoes and Dies. 


The illustration above shows a Stamp Shoe and Die, forged from 
a special grade of tool steel. Fig. i shows them before using and Fig. 
2 worn out. They give the best of satisfaction, will not chip or cup, 
wear about three times as long as white iron, and cost only about twice 
as much. 

The density of these shoes and dies is much greater than cast steel, 
as the process of forging renders them free from air spaces or imperfec¬ 
tions, and wherever tried in competition with cast steel they have 
shown an excess of wear of from 15 to 20 per cent. 

























SAN FRANCISCO, CAL . 65 



The Union Improved Self-fastening Cam. 

(BLANTON TYPE.) 


The annoyance caused by loose cam keys, and the serious loss of time that always 
attends the removal or replacement of cams of the ordinary type is entirely avoided by the 
use of the Union Improved .Self-fastening Cam, which grips the shaft by friction, and 
responds to heavier work by tightening its grip. 

The construction is exceedingly simple, as shown by the illustration above. The cam is 
bored out so as to fit the shaft for about one-half of its circumference, the other side being 
fitted to receive a curved w'edge (somewhat wider than the cam), which is bored on the inside 
to fit the shait, and turned on the outside, eccentric to its bore. This curved wedge is less 
than a half circle—so that the cam can turn about three-quarters of an inch on the eccentric 
(or outside) face of the wedge. The wedge is provided on its inner face with two short pins 
(or dowels), which fit into shallow holes in the shaft, drilled with reference to the position the 
cam is to occupy. When the curved wedge is in its proper position on the shaft the cam is 
slipped over it so as to come to its place, and by turning it sharply back upon the wedge it is 
firmly fixed, the work of lifting the stamp merely serving to clamp it more firmly to the 
shaft. 

A light blow with a sledge on the point of the cam, in the direction that it revolves, will 
instantly loosen it, and the whole set of cams may be removed or replaced in a few minutes. 
The dowels serve to keep the cam in place while it is being tightened, but there is no strain 
on them, as the grip on the shaft is entirely by friction. 

This method of securing cams has received the indorsement of all mill men, and is 
recognized as one of the most important improvements made in the stamp battery during 
the past few years. It is rapidly superseding all former methods, it has given the best of sat¬ 
isfaction, is perfectly reliable and the additional cost is not great. 

Further particulars, prices, etc., given upon application. 























66 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



Left Hand. Right Hand. 

Fig. I. Fig. 2. 


Cams. 


Cams are made with double arms, as they give the least friction on 
cam-shaft and require the least power. The proper curve of the cam 
is a modified involute of a circle, the radius of which is equal to the 
horizontal distance between the center of cam-shaft and the center of 
stamp stem. The modification of this curve consists in giving a 
sharper curvature than the involute, near the end. This form of cam 
takes the weight of the stamp at the least practicable distance from 
the center of cam-shaft, and on account of the peculiar curve leaves 
the tappet without any dragging. The outer end is shaped to conform 
to the edge of the tappet. 

Cams are made either of selected iron or of steel—the former may 
be banded around the hub to insure additional strength. According 
to the position of this hub, when located on the shaft, cams are termed 
“left-hand” cams or “right-hand” cams—see above illustrations. 

In ordering this distinction should always be noted and mentioned. 

Send for our order blanks for ordering Shoes, Dies, Cams, Tap¬ 
pets, etc. 









SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 



Order of Drop. 


The respective positions of cams when keyed to the cam-shaft, or 
the order of drop of the stamp, is a matter which admits of much diver¬ 
sity in practice. It is desirable to drop the stamps in such rotation 
as to insure an even distribution of the pulp on the several dies in the 
mortar. For five-stamp batteries the order i, 4, 2, 5, 3 (i. e., first stamp 
drops first, this is followed by No. 4, that by No. 2, and so on) seems to 
be the best to fulfill the above requirements. The order 1,5,2,4,3 is also 
extensively adopted. Our cut shows the order of drop for a ten-stamp 
battery to be 1, 5, 9, 7, 3, 2, 6, 10, 8, 4, which gives a good splash and 
satisfactory results in other respects. 










68 


THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Cam-shaft Boxes. 



Fig. i. 


The illustration herewith (Fig. 

i) shows the most improved type 

* 

of single open Cam-shaft Boxes, 
most commonly employed. Caps 
are not furnished, as they are 
wholly unnecessary, the entire 
thrust being downward. They 
are generally made solid, the 
bearing being bored out; but 
can, however, be babbitted if de¬ 


sired. The boxes are securely held to the battery posts by four bolts, 
and are provided with oil cellars around the base (see engraving) for 
catching any waste oil. 

Fig. 2 is representative of the same type of Cam-shaft Boxes, and 
differs only in being wider and made for two shafts, placed end to end, 
as is necessary in stamp bat¬ 
teries with independent cam¬ 
shafts (see illustration on 
page 56). They are held to 
the battery posts by six bolts. 

In ordering give exact 
diameter of shaft and length 
of bearing required. 

Fig. 2. 




















































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


69 



CROSS SECTION 

OF A 

Modern Wet-crushing 
Stamp Battery. 


The illustra¬ 
tion herewith is 
a cross-section 
of a Modern 
Wet-crushing 
Stamp Battery, 
as usually em¬ 
ployed in Cali¬ 
fornia for work¬ 
ing gold ores. 
It shows all the 
different parts of the 
Battery in their rela¬ 
tive positions, togeth¬ 
er with an automatic ore 
feeder, driven by a collar 
attached to the stamp stem. 
The table upon which the 
silver-plated copper apron plate 
is mounted is also shown. This 
table is provided with casters or 
rollers, which admit of the plates 
being run forward out of the w 7 ay, 
when the shoes and dies are re¬ 
placed due to wear, or when 
any other repairs or changes are 
necessary. 

This illus¬ 
tration will be 
found valuable 
to those order¬ 
ing duplicate 
parts for repairs, 
as by reference 
to it all orders 
can be intelli¬ 
gently filled. 













































































THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



The guide illustrated above (Fig. i) is the type most commonly 
employed. 

It is made of hardwood in two sections, fastened to the guide girt 
by means of collar bolts, so as to allow the removal of the front half 
without disturbing the back. Gib-headed parting pieces or separators 
are provided between the guides, which can be planed down from time 
to time, thus taking up the clearance and insuring a perfect bearing 
for the stamp stem. 

Upper guide—Weight, 160 pounds. Price, $20.00 

Lower guide—Weight, 170 pounds. Price, $22.00 



The Wood Sectional Battery Guide. 

The battery guide illustrated herewith (Fig. 2) is superior in some 
respects to the one shown above, as each stamp has its independent 
wood filling or guide block, permitting the hanging up of any single 
stamp (in time of repairs or adjustment) without interfering with the 
others of the battery. 

The backing is made of hardwood, to which are fastened the guide 
blocks, as shown in the engraving. It is reinforced by six lateral bolts 
to prevent splitting or warping. The Norway iron U bolts serve two 
purposes, they hold the wood fillings or guide blocks (made in halves) 
firmly in place, and also tie the guide to the girt. 

Upper guide—Weight, 250 pounds. Price, $30.00 

Lower guide—Weight, 300 pounds. Price, $32.00 




































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


7i 



The Union Battery Guide. 


The Union Battery Guide consists of a solid cast-iron chair or 
stool which is bolted against the battery guide beam, with countersunk 
head bolts, as shown in the illustration. The wooden guide blocks are 
held in place by a rib cast horizontally on the stool, as shown in section, 
oyer which the wooden guide block is fitted, then the cap is slipped 
into place and rests on the stool by lugs cast on for that purpose, and 
is kept up against the wooden guide block with wooden keys inserted 
on the back of it. As the guide blocks wear, the wooden keys are 
driven down. Every guide is independent of the other, and any length 
of wood may be used. We claim perfect and independent adjustment. 
Any stem may be taken out of place or new guide blocks put in with¬ 
out interfering with the others. The guide blocks can be renewed at 
a very small cost of material and time. 












































72 


THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



Friction Clutch Pulley. 

(GIBSON PATENT.) 


1 'he above illustration shows a Friction Clutch Pulley so con¬ 
structed that when the clutch is thrown out the pulley rests on a sta¬ 
tionary sleeve and not on the shaft, as in other designs, thus relieving 
the shaft and pulley from wear and friction when the pulley is not run¬ 
ning. 

This clutch is very powerful and reliable, and is particularly 
adapted for use on battery line shafts, as it dispenses with belt-tight¬ 
eners, and allows the battery to be cut out without affecting the rest of 
the mill. This pulley can be built in all sizes. 

Further information furnished upon application. 















SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


73 



Standard Belt Tightener. 

(TRIANGULAR FRAME.) 


The Swinging Belt Tightener illustrated above is our standard and 
latest design, and is, in almost all cases, preferable to the old-style slid¬ 
ing tightener, on account of its stiffness, ease of operation, and the 
facility with which it may be placed in position. 

PRICE LIST, SIZES AND WEIGHTS. 


Size of Pulley 
in 

inches. 

Diameter 

of 

shaft. 

Weight 
in pounds. 

Price. 

16 x 6 


400 

$50.00 

16 x 8 

I'A 

450 

52.00 

16 x io 

l'/z 

500 

54 00 

i6x 12 

2 

550 

56.00 

16 x 14 

2 

575 

58.00 

16 x 16 

2 

600 

60.00 






























DIRECT. GEARED. 


Weston’s Patent Differential Pulley Blocks. 


Number. 

Capacity 
in tons. 

Will hoist 
in feet. 

Weight complete 
in pounds. 

Price. 

Direct Blocks i 


6 

22 

$ 14-50 

ti n 2 

'/2 

7 

30 

16.50 

“ “ 3 

I 

8 

51 

22.00 

“ “ 4 


s/ 2 

8l 

27.5O 

“ “ 5 

2 

9 

122 

33 00 

Geared Blocks 6 

3 

IO 

159 

66.00 

<« U 

/ 

4 

ii 

257 

82.00 

“ “ 8 

5 

12 

324 

99.00 

“ “ 9 

6 

13 

493 

132.00 

“ “ IO 

8 

14 

735 

176.00 

“ “ ii 

IO 

16 

1,054 

235.00 








































Overhead Crabs. 


The illustrations above show our Overhead “Crabs,” sometimes called 
“ Crawls,” used in connection with differential pulley blocks. They are essential 
in every complete mill for setting tappets, changing stems, etc. Iron-mounted 
track timbers are provided and secured to the roof in such a manner that they can 
traverse the entire length of the battery, pans and settlers, or other heavy parts 
of machinery requiring frequent handling. They are very convenient and save 
much time and labor. 

Fig. x illustrates a double rail traveling crab, which is the best and cheapest 
form, and the one most commonly used. It admits of the hook turning in any 
direction. 

Fig. 2 illustrates a single rail traveling crab, which is more expensive than 
the above, yet sometimes it is preferable to use this form. 


Fig. i, weight 85 lbs.Price $ 10.00 

Fig. 2, weight 105 lbs.Price $15 00 


















7 6 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Battery Screens. 


The diagrams below show the standard forms of Punched 
Screens. The size is governed by the needle gauge, the apertures 
being wide enough for a needle of corresponding number to pass 
through. Each kind of Screen is made with apertures varying from 
No. i to No. io. 



STRAIGHT SLOT. BURR SLOT. 


Battery Screens are made by the Union Iron Works as designated 
above, and in ordering be particular to state kind of apertures and 
number of gauge required. 



































































































































































































































































SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 


Battery Screens. 


In the table given below will be found sizes, prices, etc., of the 
three different kinds of Battery Screens usually employed, viz, Russia 
iron, brass or steel wire, and tin. 

We have a complete plant of machinery for the manufacture of 
these screens, and can usually fill orders for standard sizes from stock. 
Our facilities are such, however, that little or no delay will be expe¬ 
rienced on any orders requiring special sizes. 


PRICE LIST, ETC. 


Russia Iron Screens. 

Wire Screens. 

Tin Screens. 

No. of 
needle. 

Width or 
diameter of 
orifice, 
inches. 

Price per 
foot, 

round or 
slot 

punched. 

Equivalent 

mesh. 

Brass wire, 
price 
per foot. 

1 Steel wire, 
price 
per foot. 

Equivalent 

number. 

Price 
per sheet, 
size 

14 x 20 in. 

I 

.058 

$0 60 

12 

$0.50 

$0.27 



2 

.049 

.60 

14 

•50 

.27 

2 

• 15 

3 

.042 

.60 

16 

•50 

27 



4 

•035 

.60 

.18 

•50 

.27 



5 

.029 

.60 

.20 

• 5 ° 

•27 

I 

.18 

' 6 

.027 

.60 

.24 

•50 

38 



7 

.024 

.60 

•30 

■52 

■56 

O 

.20 

8 

.023 

.60 

•35 

■55 

■56 



9 

.020 

.70 

.40 

•57 

•57 



IO 

■ Ol8 

•75 

•50 

•58 

•59 



ii 

0165 

.80 

•55 





12 

015 

•85 

.60 

.60 

.68 




























































THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



Clean-up Pan. 


The above illustration shows a sectional view of a Clean-up Pan. 
In these the amalgam is worked with additional quicksilver, and the 
waste matter washed off before retorting. Wooden shoes are attached 
to the arms, and they are adjusted by means of the handwheels on top 
of the driving spindle, to bear on the bottom of pan or not, as desired, 
the motion being communicated through the bevel gear underneath to 
the spindle. We also build these pans heavier and with iron shoes for 
grinding, so they may be used in prospecting, and also for brightening 
small quantities of concentrates from blankets and sluices, that they 
may be taken up by the quicksilver. 


PRICE LIST, WEIGHTS, ETC. 


Size 

inside 

diameter. 

Pulleys—Tight and loose. 

Weight, 

pounds. 

Price. 

Diameter. 

Face. 

Revolutions. 

18 

IO 

yA 

50 

500 

$80.00 

24 

12 

4 K 

45 

850 

90.00 

30 

16 

y/2 

40 

1,150 

120.00 

36 

24 

6 X 

40 

1,300 

150.00 

48 

26 

6/4 

40 

1,800 

200.00 


When made sectional add 20 per cent to above prices. 




















































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 



Clean-up or Amalgam Barrel. 


The above illustration shows a Clean-up or Amalgam Barrel. 
Crude amalgam containing much foreign matter is collected from the 
mortars and various parts of a mill at a “clean up,” and is placed in an 
Amalgam or Clean-up Barrel, and there thoroughly worked and 
ground by cast-iron balls placed in the barrel, with the addition of 
quicksilver, which separates the amalgam from the impurities con¬ 
tained. 

The cut represents a barrel mounted on a wooden frame. It is 
made of cast iron, and is cylindrical in form; the journals are cast on the 
heads, one is extended to carry the gear, as shown in the illustration, 
or for the attachment of a single or tight and loose pulley direct when 
no gearing is required. An opening with a suitable door is provided 
for the introduction of the material. 


PRICE LIST, STANDARD SIZES, ETC. 


Inside 

diam. 

Length 

in 

inches. 

Size of Pulleys 

FOR DRIVING DIRECT. 

\ \ 

Weight 

in 

pounds. 

Price. 

Diameter, 

inches. 

Face, 

inches. 

12 

18 

20 

2> l A 

450 

$ 50.00 

16 

18 

24 


900 

90.00 

18 

24 

30 

4 ^ 

I.250 

i 35 -oo 

20 

30 

36 

6 % 

1,550 

170.00 

24 

30 

42 

ey 2 

2,000 

240.00 

30 

48 

48 

8 X 

3,300 

340.00 





























8o THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Gold Retorts. 



Fig. I, “Nevada” Gold Retort, is generally 
used in small gold mills. The cover and retort 
are faced to fit each other perfectly. The clamps 
are of wrought iron, and made strong and 
heavy. The pipe condenser is made so that its 
lower end is immersed in water while the retort 
rests in the fire. 

Fig. i. 



Fig. 2 represents the 
style of Gold Retort as some¬ 
times used in large gold 
mills. The amalgam trays 
are placed one above the 
other, the bottom one being 
curved to suit the bottom of 
the retort. The pipe con¬ 
denser is run off to a tank, 
where the quicksilver is de¬ 
posited. 


Fig. 2. 


PRICE LIST, WEIGHTS, ETC. 

Fig. i. “Nevada” Retort. Oval top, with pipe. 


pints . 1 2 3 4 5 6 io 

Hold Amalgam, pounds. 12 y z 25 38 50 63 75 125 

Weight, pounds . 10 15 18 25 31 44 65 

Price, each.. £4.50 $5.50 £7.00 $8.00 $9.00 $10.50 $12.00 


Fig. 2 . Retort. Weight.lbs. Price 



























SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 81 



Retort and Bullion Furnace. 


The illustration above shows a section of a Retort and Bullion 
Furnace, built together for convenience, and to use the same smoke¬ 
stack. 

On the right of the engraving is shown the Retort Furnace, with 
retort, stand, fire box and cast-iron furnace top. The condenser is not 
shown, but is always furnished with every retort. 

On the left of the engraving is shown the Bullion Melting Furnace, 
with black lead crucible, fire box, fire front and furnace cover. The 
spongy mass of metal taken from the retort is here melted and poured 
into suitable ingot molds. 

We furnish all the iron work complete—grate bars, fire doors, buck 
stays and rods, base plate, smokestack and guy ropes, not including 
crucible, tongs or ingot molds. 

Weight, 1,100 pounds. Price, $125.00. 

We manufacture gold and silver retorts and furnaces of various 
designs and capacities, and furnish with the iron work complete plans 
for erecting. 






































































82 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



Retort and Bullion Furnace. 


The above illustration shows a Retort and Bullion Furnace. The 
retorts are usually made fourteen inches inside diameter. When the 
retort has become warped and one side burned from long contact with 
the fire, or if the neck becomes injured in any way, it can be turned over 
and the other neck used. There are lugs cast on the sides on each of 
the ribs shown, to support the retort in the brickwork. A cast-iron 
front is supplied, with grate bars, bearers, etc. The condenser is made 
of six-inch tubing with cast-iron heads, and fits over the pipe that car¬ 
ries off the fumes. It has water constantly circulating through it. On 
the opposite side, alongside the chimney, is placed the melting-back 
or bullion-melting furnace. This is not shown in the illustration, but 
we supply the furnace with grate bars, fire door, buck stays and tie 
rods, smokestack and base plate. 

The bullion furnace is usually built in with the retort to save ex¬ 
pense, for convenience, and to use the same smokestack. 


PRICE LIST, WEIGHTS, ETC. 


Size 

inside diameter. 

Weight 

pounds. 

Price. 

IO 

3,000 

$250.00 

12 

4,000 

300.00 

•4 

5 , 5 oo 

425.00 


Further information furnished upon application. 























































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 83 


Ingot Molds. 



The above illustration shows our Ingot Molds, which are simple 
troughs made of cast iron. They have a slight taper, so that the ingot 
will readily fall out from them. The inside is smooth and true, with 
round corners. We have patterns for all sizes required. 


Length. 

Width. 

Depth. 

Capacity in 
ounces, gold. 

Capacity in 
| ounces, silver. 

Weight. 

I 

H 

X 

4 

2 

I 

*'A 

1 

X 

IO 

5 

I 


irV 

I 

25 

12 

I 

3 H 


I# 

50 

25 

3 

3 l A 

2 

2 

95 

50 

6 

4 

2 

I# 

100 

56 

7 

4 X 

2 X 

2 

136 

76 

9 

4X 

2^ 

2X 

180 

IOO 

10 

5 


2X 

244 

134 

10 

5H 

2%: 

2X 

250 

140 

10 

5/2 

2 X 

2X 

295 

166 

11 

5 X 

3 

2X 

365 

200 

12 

sU 

3 

2X 

375 

208 

13 

6 X 

3X 

3X 

550 

300 

15 

" 6X 

3X 

3X 

620 

340 

19 

7 X 

3X 

3X 

730 

400 

28 

8 

3X 

3X 

910 

500 

35 

9 

3X 

3X 

i»oi5 

600 

36 

9X 

4 

3X 

1,285 

700 

40 

9 'A 

4X 

3X 

1,448 

800 

4i 

10 

4 

4 

1,470 

800 

42 

10 x 

4 

4 

1,650 

900 

55 

11 

4/4 

4 

1,830 

1,000 

65 

11 

4X 

4X 

2,200 

1,200 

72 

nX 

5 

5 

2,750 

1,500 

76 

12 

5X 

5X 

2,900 

1,570 

85 

13 

6'A 

5 

3 356 

1,827 

no 

13 

6>4 

5X 

3,675 

2,000 

147 





















































Union Roller Mill. 

The illustration above shows the Union Roller Quartz Mill. It is entirely 
different in several essentials from the numerous types of so-called “Chilian” 
mills, and is the result of careful study of the many defects that exist in other 
mills of the roller type. 

Experience has dictated many radical changes from the previous types, but 
all the good points of the old “ Chilian ” mill have been carefully retained in this, 
and one of the most objectionable features, the uneven wear of the tires and dies, 
entirely eliminated. 

The rolls are driven by means of shafts or axles, pivoted to the driving 
head in such a manner that inside of certain limits the rolls are allowed free ver¬ 
tical movement, but are firmly held against any horizontal motion in relation to 
the driving head. The driving head is rotated by means of the vertical shaft 
receiving its power through gear and pinion located underneath, as shown in 
illustration. 

The ore is fed into a revolving hopper carried on the driving head of the 
mill and does not enter the mill at any one point, but is evenly distributed all around 
the die between the rolls, of which there are four, four feet in diameter, of an 
aggregate weight of about 20,000 pounds. The rolls are cast hollow and can after¬ 
wards be filled with lead at the mine, thus increasing the weight. 

The base plate carries an extension which is provided with screens for dis¬ 
charging pulp. 

The rolls are perfectly adjustable, as is also the amount of pressure on the 
spherical grinding face; and the free vertical movement prevents the danger of 
damage if a hammer or piece of steel should get into the mill. 

The mill is calculated to stand the hardest usage and to crush hard as well 
as soft ore. It is self-contained and has the advantage of economy of iron and 
power over other mills. 

PRICE LISTS, WEIGHTS, ETC. 


Size diameter, 
feet. 

Capacity, 

tons. 

Weight, 

pounds. 

Price. 

4 

6 

40 

25 

25,000 

40,000 

$ 2,000.00 
4,000.00 


Further information given upon application. 























SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 85 


Union Improved Ore Concentrator. 


No process connected with the reduction and treatment of ores 
commands as much attention as that of concentration. As is well 
known, the ores in many of our most prominent mines carry their value 
largely in the sulphurets, and, when large quantities or ores are being 
milled, close and economical concentration is a matter of the greatest 
importance, and the production of a simple and efficient automatic con¬ 
centrating machine, capable of being adapted to the varying conditions 
and character of ores, has cost many thousands of dollars in experi¬ 
ments, extending over a wide field of practice. 

The Union Improved Ore Concentrator, which we illustrate here¬ 
with, is the latest and most improved machine of this class now made. 
In it are embodied all that twenty years of practical experience with 
concentrating machinery has demonstrated as valuable, and we believe 
we are justified in offering it to the mining ptfblic as the best concen¬ 
trator now made. 

No radical innovations have been introduced into this machine. 
It is of the well-known Vanner type, with an endless traveling rubber 
belt, having a side shake or lateral motion. It possesses, however, 
means of adjustment that render the machine capable of being adapted 
to any character or condition of ores, a feature fully appreciated by 
those familiar with machines of this class. It is simple, durable and 
efficient, constructed entirely of iron and brass, and is complete and 
ready for erection as it leaves our works. 

On pages 87 and 89 will be found a more complete and detailed 
description of this machine. 






86 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



u 

O 


G 

<U 

O 

G 

O 

U 



i 

u 


O 

Ph 




















SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 87 


Union Improved Ore Concentrator. 


On the opposite page we illustrate a Four-foot Union Improved 
Ore Concentrator, set up in complete running order. The type of 
machine here shown is so well and generally known that a lengthy 
description is not necessary. 

The machine consists of an inclined shaking frame or table, sus¬ 
pended by hangers or links from the four iron posts or columns shown. 
A side shake or lateral motion is imparted to the frame by means of 
steel connecting rods, attached to adjustable cranks, keyed to main 
driving shaft. 

Upon the shaking frame is mounted or stretched an endless rubber 
belt, with raised or flanged edges, forming the bed or plane upon which 
the dressing of the ore is effected. 

This belt or bed is caused to travel continuously up hill by rotating 
the head roll or drum, the power which is transmitted by means of a 
link-chain belt and sprocket wheels, driven from the worm and gear 
shown. 

The travel of the belt is under full control, and can be regulated 
to any speed required. 

The operation of the machine is as follows : The pulp or crushed 
ore from the battery is conveyed to the distributor located on top of the 
shaking frame above the belt. This distributor spreads the pulp 
evenly over the surface of the bed or belt, which is moving continuously 
up hill, or toward the head of the machine. 

The side shake or lateral motion given the bed causes the sul- 
phurets and valuable metallic portions of the ore to settle and lie upon 
the surface of the belt, and, as they pass up hill, or toward the head of 
the machine, they come under the water box, delivering clear water in 
fine streams upon the belt; and, as the pulp passes through these 
streams, the worthless or lighter portion of the ore is “winnowed” out 
or washed from the valuable portions, and passes down the belt into the 
tailing sluice. 

The valuable portions of the ore, which still adhere to the belt, 
pass on over the head roll until they come in contact with the small 
wooden automatic discharge roller shown. Here the moisture, still 
clinging to the belt, forms a water cushion, which causes the concen¬ 
trates to leave the belt and deposit themselves in the small box resting 
upon the water tank, into which the belt is depressed for the purpose 
of washing off any fine sulphurets that may have escaped the automatic 
discharge. 

When the small box is filled with sulphurets, it is removed and 
another substituted, thus making the process of concentration continu¬ 
ous and automatic. 










Six-foot Union Improved Ore Concentrator. 

WITH SULPHURET discharge. 

[ PATENTED.! 
















SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 89 


Six-foot Concentrator. 


The illustration on the opposite page shows the Six-foot Concen¬ 
trator. It is similar in every respect to the four-foot machine, with the 
exception that it is provided with a six-foot belt, ~nd is made propor¬ 
tionately heavier. 

CAPACITIES. 

No specific rating can be given to a concentrator as regards capa¬ 
city, as the capacity depends largely upon the character of the ore to 
be treated, amount of sulphurets contained in the ore, their value, etc. 

The bed of ore upon the belt should never be of such a depth as 
to require very heavy streams of water to be delivered from the water 
distributor box in order to cut through the pulp, as a heavy stream of 
water will “boil” the finer sulphurets, which have settled upon the belt, 
to the top of the ore bed, from whence they are carried off with the 
overflow. When this occurs, the concentrator is overloaded, and a 
smaller quantity of pulp is necessary to do perfect work. In a general 
way, however, it may be said that a four-foot machine will handle eight 
tons per day and a six-foot machine twelve tons per day. 

When the ore is not very heavy in sulphurets and their value not 
high, one six-foot machine will handle the pulp from five stamps, but, 
when the ore is heavy in sulphurets and their value high, two four- 
foot machines should be employed for each five stamps, and in some 
instances two six-foot machines. 

WEIGHTS, PRICES, ETC. 

The Union Ore Concentrators, complete, boxed and ready for 
shipment, weigh: 

Four-foot machine... 2,800 pounds. 

Six-foot machine. 3,300 pounds. 


The prices of the Union Ore Concentrators, boxed and placed free 
on board cars or steamer at San Francisco, are: 

Four-foot machine.$400.00 each. 

Six-foot machine . 500.00 each. 

These prices do not include overhead shafting, belting, head sul- 
phuret box, or settling boxes under machine. If desired, we will fur¬ 
nish these at cost prices. 

Head Sulphuret Box for Four-foot Concentrator . . 100 pounds, $7 .00 

Head Sulphuret Box for Six-foot Concentrator . . . 165 pounds, 8.00 

For further information send for our special Concentrator Cata¬ 
logue. 




















90 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


SECTION A B. SECTION CD. 



Note. —The gate usually employed, indicated by letter a above, is an 
ordinary molasses gate. 


PLAN, 


A 



Pulp Sizer. 

























































































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


9i 


Sizing. 


The process of concentration is practically weighing particles of 
ore of different specific gravity in water, and, to obtain the most per¬ 
fect results from the process, the particles of ore should be as near the 
same size as possible. 

Sizing is not generally employed, as it adds one more step to the 
process, and requires from two (2) to four (4) feet more grade, and, 
when in operation, more or less attendance. However, when the sul- 
phurets are rich, and the ore has a tendency to slime, sizing should be 
employed, as it enables the concentrators to do closer and better work, 
as well as separating a large proportion of the slimes from the pulp, 
which can be delivered onto canvas tables or settling boxes, without 
passing over the machines. 

There are many different devices that can be, and are, employed 
for sizing, but one of the simplest and most effective we show on the 
opposite page, giving all dimensions necessary to enable any carpenter 
or millwright to construct it. 

The sizer illustrated is of the simplest form, making only one sepa¬ 
ration of the pulp, or two sizes; the pulp from five stamps being con¬ 
ducted into it by the sluice at top, as shown; the heavier particles 
passing through the slot at bottom and out of the gate, while the 
finer particles are carried out through the overflow, thus effecting a 
separation, or sizing the pulp into two classes, the coarse and the fine, 
each of which should be treated on a separate concentrator, specially 
adjusted with reference to stroke, speed and inclination of the belt, to 
give the best results. 

By passing the overflow into a second sizer one more grade or size 
is obtained, thus making as many sizes or grades as may be desired. 

Any one can construct the sizer shown, and, after experimenting 
a little with different gate openings, any degree of separation required 
can be effected. 

We furnish these sizers, when required, K. D. and boxed. 

Weight, 50 pounds. Price, $5.00. 











92 


THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



Chlorination Works. 














































































































































































































































SAN FRANCISCO, CAL . 


Treatment of Concentrates. 


The gold ores of California usually carry from one to two per cent of sulphu- 
rets, which are separated from the ore after passing through the batteries. These 
concentrates range in value from $40 to $200 per ton, chiefly in gold, though in 
many instances they contain from $12 to $20 in silver and from one to five per 
cent of copper. 

The method usually employed for their treatment is that of chlorination 
(Plattner process) (see illustration on opposite page). This consists in roasting 
the concentrates in an ordinary reverberatory furnace to expel the sulphur, arsenic 
and other volatile, deleterious substances. Salt is added as the roast nears com¬ 
pletion, and when a “dead roast” has been obtained (which is of the utmost 
importance) the ore is drawn from the furnace and spread upon the cooling floor; 
when cold, about six per cent of moisture is added; it is then screened into the 
leaching tanks, care being taken to have it lie as loosely as possible to facilitate 
the penetration of the chlorine gas, the screen used being usually y%" to yC' mesh. 
The tanks are filled to within about three inches of the top and chlorine gas (gen¬ 
erated in lead holders) is introduced into the bottom of the tank, and remains on 
until ammonia held above the ore gives off fumes of ammonia chloride. This 
usually takes about four hours. When this point is reached covers are put on the 
tanks and luted with dough or any other suitable substance and the gas shut off. 
The tank is then allowed to stand for two days, during which time the gold con¬ 
tained in the ore has been converted into a terchloride of gold. The covers are 
then removed, water introduced and the terchloride of gold washed or leached out. 

This “liquor” or lixivium is run into precipitating tanks, where by the use 
of a solution of sulphate of iron the gold is precipitated, falling to the bottom of 
the tank, forming a dark paste. The liquor is then siphoned off, the gold col¬ 
lected, washed with water until all the acid and iron salts are removed ; it is then 
dried, melted and cast into bars, the average fineness being from 998 to 999 y z . 

When the concentrates carry silver the roasting with salt has converted it 
into a chloride; this is leached out after the gold has been extracted, by using a 
solution of hyposulphite of soda. The lixivium from this leach is run into sepa¬ 
rate tanks, where the silver is precipitated by the addition of a solution of poly¬ 
sulphide of sodium or calcium. The precipitate is in the form of a sulphide of 
silver which is collected upon filters, washed, dried, and then reduced to a metallic 
state. 

When the concentrates contain copper sulphides they are converted by roast¬ 
ing into sulphates and are leached out with the gold, and remain in the “liquor” 
after the gold has been precipitated; if the amount of copper carried in this 
liquor is sufficient to justify its being saved, the liquor, when siphoned from the 
gold precipitating tank, is run into another tank containing scrap iron, which 
precipitates the copper into a metallic form known as “cement copper.” 

By the process described above from 92 to 96 per cent of the assay value of 
the concentrates is obtained, the cost varying from $10 to $15 per ton of concen¬ 
trates treated, depending upon local conditions as to labor and fuel. 

The Plattner process, while slow in operation, meets with general favor—no 
moving machinery is required, there is nothing to break down and but little to 
wear out. A set of vats once installed will last indefinitely if properly taken care 
of, and painted with coal tar and asplialtum from time to time. The furnace is 
simple in construction and easy of operation. 

We have a variety of patterns for generators and furnaces of different sizes 
and capacities; also build machinery for the Barrel process. 

Plans, specifications and estimates furnished on application. 

























THE UNION IRON WORKS, 



The Barrel Chlorination Process. 


The Barrel Process, as distinguished from Planner’s Process, 
consists in generating the chlorine and dissolving the gold at the same 
time, within a revolving barrel. 

The roasted sulphurets, together with the requisite quantities of 
water, sulphuric acid and chloride of lime, are placed within the barrel, 
which is then sealed and revolved slowly for about two hours. The en¬ 
tire contents is then discharged into a leaching vat, and the solution 
drawn off through a filter bed and precipitated as in the Plattner Pro¬ 
cess. 

The illustration above shows our Chlorination Barrel, with a 
wrought-iron shell. The heads are made of cast iron, with trunnions 
to receive bearings and driving gear. The inside of the shell is lined 
throughout with sheet lead, making a casing absolutely tight, so no 
acid comes in contact with the iron. Each barrel of the larger type 
has a man and hand hole combined, the smaller one only a hand hole. 

The speed of the barrel depends upon the size, varying from two 
to six revolutions per minute. 

Sometimes wooden staves are used instead of a wrought-iron shell. 

We build them of any required size. 



































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rhe Shelf Dry Kiln. 

The accompanying illustration shows our Shelf Dry Kiln used as an ore dryer, 
It is built of masonry in the shape of a vertical shaft, inside of which are a series of 
cast-iron umbrellas, one above the other, arranged so that the ore admitted from the 

feed hopper at the top 
must pass over each plate 
in its passage by grav¬ 
ity to the bottom chute, 
where it is discharged 
into the usual conveyor 
to the battery feeders. 

Suitable openings are 
provided in the walls, 
through which to remove 
obstructions, which are 
liable to occur by the 
clogging of ore. 

The hot gases from the 
furnace are admitted in 
the center, pass upward 
between the cast-iron 
plates and then down¬ 
ward and out through a 
flue in the bottom. 

These dryers are some¬ 
times cheaper as to first 
cost than the revolving 
ones, but require more 
attention to operate. 

Further information 
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SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


The DuBois Improved O’Hara Roasting 

Furnace. 

The illustration on the opposite page shows the DuBois Improved 
O’Hara Roasting Furnace. It is built with two separate hearths, or 
sections, for desulphurizing and chloridizing the ore, both processes 
being performed at one operation. 

Triangular iron frames, having scrapers or plows attached, are 
fastened to an endless chain running lengthwise through the furnace. 
The scrapers or plows are set at an angle, one turns the ore towards 
the center and the other towards the wall. They go through the fur¬ 
nace about once a minute and turn up new surfaces to the flames. 

The steel chains run in cast-iron troughs built in the walls on each 
side of the hearths to protect them from the intense heat and chemicals 
in the ore. 

The roof and hearth of each compartment are close together so as 
to confine the heat with the ore. 

In operating the furnace, the ore is fed continually from the bat¬ 
tery into the hopper, through which it falls into the upper hearth. The 
scrapers drawn by the endless chain stir the ore over and over again, 
and move it gradually along until it falls on the lower hearth; from 
where it passes through and falls into a pit built beneath the furnace. 

The ore passing along through the compartments is both desul¬ 
phurized and chloridized; for the latter, salt should be mixed with the 
ore as it is fed into the hopper, and becomes thoroughly distributed 
with it by the stirring action of the plows. 

Additional oxygen is introduced through a blower, which in¬ 
creases the intensity of the heat and has proven a valuable feature in 
this furnace. The ore, in passing gradually through the compart¬ 
ments, becomes more and more heated, and about the time the final 
heat is required it is directly in front of the fire. 

The time ore requires for roasting and chloridizing depends en¬ 
tirely upon its character. Ordinarily, from five to ten hours is 
sufficient. Only one attendant is necessary to take care of the fires and 
watch the machinery. 

The construction of the furnace is such that the heat from the 
upper and lower hearth passes down side flues into a lower or supple¬ 
mentary chamber to catch any waste dust which may escape from the 
hearths above. This method of construction is to supplant the old 
custom of long and expensive dust flues independent of the furnace. 

Further information given upon application. 












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SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


Howell-White Furnace. 


The illustration on the opposite page shows the well-known How¬ 
ell-White Furnace. The cylinder is made in sections to facilitate its 
transportation. The portion of the cylinder nearest the fire end has a 
larger external diameter than the rest of the cylinder, but the internal 
diameter is the same throughout, when operated. This is due to the 
fire end being lined with fire-brick to protect it from the extreme heat 
at this end; the balance of the cylinder, however, is exposed, as the heat 
at the upper end is not so great. Projecting bricks are arranged spi¬ 
rally in the lining of the fire end, for the purpose of showering the ore 
through the flames. For the same purpose at the other end are 
arranged projecting cast-iron shelves. 

The cylinder is supported on four rollers, and is revolved by the 
friction between it and the wheels—the latter being driven by means of 
gears or pulleys. Guide rollers acting against its sides keep it in its 
central position on top of the wheels. As shown in illustration, the in¬ 
clination of cylinder can only be changed by the use of adjustable 
rollers, which we furnish for this purpose when desired. By changing 
the inclination of the cylinder, ore can be retained a longer or shorter 
period, as may be necessary. The furnace is continuous and automatic 
in its operation. It is fed at the upper end with dry pulp from the 
stamp, or other pulverizers, by means of a suitable screw feeder, placed 
between the feed hopper and cylinder, discharging its product regularly 
into a hot ore bin at the lower end, from whence it is drawn as required. 
The ore is submitted to a gradually increasing temperature during its 
passage through the furnace, which is the correct theory of roasting. 

An auxiliary fire is sometimes used with these furnaces for roasting 
the dust which escapes from the main furnace. 

We furnish all iron work complete for these furnaces. 








THE UNION IRON WORKS , 





Improved Bruckner Furnace. 











































































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


Improved Bruckner Furnace. 


The illustration on the opposite page shows the ordinary type of 
the Improved Bruckner Furnace. The cylinder revolves through fric¬ 
tion on four rollers driven by a set of gearing and pulleys. The tires are 
riveted to the body of cylinder shell, and the rollers are made of best 
chilled iron to give them long and uniform wear. The body of the 
shell is made of steel plate, the middle of cylindrical form, and the two 
ends conical. On the center section are two sets of doors directly op¬ 
posite for receiving and discharging the material. The brickwork for 
fireplace and flue is not shown on illustration. This is usually 
modified to suit the wishes of our customers. 

Ore is roasted in this furnace in batches of several tons, and when 
thoroughly roasted and chloridized is discharged, and then receives 
another batch. The furnace is lined throughout with fire-brick, and 
protects the shell from the intense heat and gases. 

Being of smaller diameter at the ends than in the center, the ore 
is thrown to and fro, changing its position continually and exposing 
new surfaces and particles to the fire. A charge can be roasted as long 
or as short a time as required in this furnace, thus adapting it particu¬ 
larly to base ores. 

The capacity depends largely upon the ores, some requiring but 
four or five hours to be thoroughly roasted and chloridized, while 
others require much longer. 

The furnaces give excellent satisfaction; all parts are made strong 
and durable, and material and workmanship are of best quality. 

Plans, specifications and estimates furnished upon application. 


TABLE OF SIZES. 


Number. 

Diameter 
in feet. 

Length 
in feet. 

Capacity 
per charge 
in tons. 

Number of 
fire bricks. 

Number of 
common 
bricks, 

including io'-o 
of dust flue. 

Weight 
in pounds. 

Price. 

I 

6 

12 

3 to 4 

i,6oo 

18,000 

18 OOO 


2 

7 

16 

5 to 8 

2,400 

20,000 

30,000 


3 

8 

18 

9 to II 

3,500 

24,000 

40,000 






































104 


Vertical Center-crank Engine. 

(HIGH speed.) 


THE UNION IRON WORKS, 


















SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


Vertical Center-crank Engine. 

o 

(high speed.) 


The illustration on the opposite page shows a self-contained high¬ 
speed vertical center-crank engine, with plain slide valve. 

The frame is mounted on a broad base, with an upturned edge to 
catch any drippings of oil or water. 

The crank shaft is made of forged steel. The engine is provided 
with oil cups, sight-feed lubricator, drain cocks, globe valve and gov¬ 
ernor, and is all fitted up and tested before leaving the works. 

Steam pipe connections between engine and boiler, exhaust pipe 
and foundation bolts are subject to order, and charged extra. 


PRICE LIST, STANDARD SIZES, ETC. 


Horse¬ 
power 
initial 
press’re 
60 lbs. 

Cylinder Sizes 

IN INCHES. 

Revolu¬ 

tions 

per 

minute. 

Diam¬ 

eter 

Bandwheel. 

Size 

of 

steam 

pipe. 

Size 

of 

exhaust 

pipe. 

Shipping 

weight. 


Diam¬ 

eter. 

Stroke. 

of 

crank 

shaft. 

Diam¬ 

eter. 

Face. 

Price. 

2 

3 

5 

250 


24 

4 

X 

I 

600 

$180.00 

4 

4 

6 

250 

Iff 

30 

4 

I 

I 

935 

275.00 

6 

5 

6 

250 

Iff 

3 ° 

5 

I 

*X 

1,000 

310.00 

8 

5/4 

7 

250 

2fV 

32 

5)4 

iX 

1X 

1,350 

390.00 

ii 

6/4 

7 

250 

2;X 

40 

6 

i X 

IX 

1,500 

430.00 

I J 4 

7 

9 

22 S 


42 

6 

IX 

2 

2,530 

500.00 

19 

8 

9 

225 

2tf 

42 

8 

i X 

2 

2,640 

600.00 


Further information given upon application. 





















































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


107 


Vertical Side-crank Engine. 


On the page opposite is illustrated a vertical side-crank slide-valve 
engine, with outboard bearing. 

The frame is in one piece, firmly secured to a cast-iron pedestal. 

The balance wheel is faced for a belt, and the shaft is key-seated the 
entire distance between bearings, to provide for securing additional 
pulleys. 

The engine is in running order as it leaves the works, being pro¬ 
vided with governor, sight-feed lubricator, oil cups and cylinder cocks. 

Pipe connections between boiler and engine, exhaust pipe and 
foundation bolts are provided, when desired, at a small additional cost. 

PRICE LIST, STANDARD SIZES, ETC. 


Horse¬ 
power 
initial 
press’re 
60 lbs. 

Cylinder sizes 

IN INCHES. 

Revolu¬ 

tions 

per 

minute. 

Diam¬ 

eter 

Bandwheel. 

Size 

of 

steam 

pipe. 

Size 

of 

exhaust 

pipe. 



' Diam¬ 
eter. 

j Stroke. 

of 

crank¬ 

shaft. 

Diam¬ 

eter. 

Face. 

Weight. 

Weight. 

Price. 

17 

9 

12 

125 

3 tI 

00 

^f- 

9 

900 

2 

2 % 

3.500 

$840.OO 

21 

10 

12 

125 

4 H 

00 

12 i 

1,200 

2 J 4 

3 

4,180 

950.OO 


Further information given upon application. 



































I0 8 the union iron works , 



H orizontal Slide-valve Engine. 

( SEEF-CONTAINED.) 


The illustration above shows a horizontal slide-valve engine, self- 
contained. In it are embodied all valuable features known in this class 
of machinery. All parts are easily accessible in case of repairs or 
otherwise. 

The crank shaft is made of best hammered steel. It is supported 
upon bearings cast integral with the engine frame, which is of girder 
type. The cylinder overhangs and is free to expand, the weight being 
taken by the engine frame. 

The valves and parts are constructed for free passage of steam to 
suit speed without a loss of pressure. 

The governor, throttle valve, steam, oil and water fittings are all 
of the best quality. 

For table of sizes see opposite page. 























SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


Horizontal Slide-valve Engine. 

(self-contained. ) 


PRICE LIST, STANDARD SIZES, ETC. 


Horse¬ 

power. 

Cylinder, 

inches. 

Revolu¬ 

tions 

per 

minute. 

Diam¬ 

eter 

of 

crank¬ 

shaft. 

Bandwheel. 

Size 

of 

steam 

pipe. 

Size 

of 

exhaust 

pipe. 

Total 

weight. 

Price. 

Diameter. 

Stroke. 

Diameter. 

Face. 

15 

7 

IO 

240 

m 

40 

8'A 

2 

2K 

I,6oo 

$230.00 

20 

8 

IO 

240 

2>y% 

44 

10^ 

2 

3 

1,750 

265.00 

25 

9 

12 

200 

4 y% 

48 

12'A 

2 y. 

3 

2,950 

360.00 

3° 

IO 

12 

200 

4 y 8 

54 

12% 

2'A 

3'A 

3,200 

390.00 

35 

IO 

14 

200 

4 ;% 

60 

14 A' 

3 

3 yi 

3,800 

450.OO 

40 

II 

14 

200 

4 Vs 

66 

14 ^ 

3 

4 

4,000 

485.00 

50 

12 

16 

180 

5H 

72 

17 

2>y 

4 

5 , 4 oo 

575 00 

60 

13 

16 

180 

5 H 

78 

17 

3 'A 

4'A 

5 , 7 oo 

600.00 

80 

14 

18 

160 

6 

84 

19 

4 

5 

7,800 

810.00 


The fixtures included, besides Band-wheel and Governor, are 
Stop-valve, Spanner Wrench, Sight Feed Cylinder Lubricator, Ball 
Oiler and Stand for Wrist, Wipe Cup for Cross-head, Drip-cup for 
Eccentric, Oil Cups, Drain Cocks and Governor Belt. 

Foundation Bolts and Plates will be furnished if wanted as an extra. 

A narrow-rimmed Fly-wheel of same weight as Band Fly-wheel 
may be substituted at same price, but an extra pulley to go with the 
narrow-rimmed Fly-wheel is charged for as an extra. 

Further information given upon application. 

































THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



The Union Horizontal Slide-valve Engine. 















































































































































































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


The Union Horizontal Slide-valve 
Engine. 

The illustration on the opposite page shows a horizontal plain 
slide-valve engine of the most improved type, with an outboard bearing. 
It is particularly designed for mines, mills, smelters, etc., where ma¬ 
chinery is subject to heavy and continuous duty and rough usage. 

A feature worthy of note is the frame, which is of extraordinary 
weight and stiffness. The engraving shows the general design and 
construction so clearly that little description is necessary. 

The crank shaft is made of best hammered steel. The engine 
throughout is built of best material, and all parts are easily accessible 
and adjustable in every way. 

Steam pipe connections between engine and boiler, exhaust pipe 
and foundation bolts are subject to order, and charged extra. 

Further information given upon application. 


PRICE LIST, STANDARD SIZES, ETC. 


Horse¬ 

power. 

Diameter 
of cylinder, 
inches. 

Stroke 
of piston, 
inches. 

Revolu¬ 
tions per 
minute. 

Bandwh: 

D ete“' Face > 

f ell '. inches - 

EEL. 

Weight, 

pounds. 

Total 

weight 

engine, 

pounds. 

Price. 

12 

6 

8 

200 

4 

8 

600 

1,200 


14 

6 

12 

175 

4 

8 

850 

1,800 


26 

8 

12 

175 

5 

11 

1,100 

3.300 


40 

10 

12 

175 

6 

13 

l, 5 °° 

5,600 


45 

10 

l6 

140 

6 

15 

2,800 

6,600 


50 

10 

20 

125 

7 

17 

3.300 

7,500 


65 

12 

20 

125 

7 

21 

4,000 

8,400 


70 

12 

24 

106 

8 

23 

4,800 

11 , COO 


100 

14 

3 ° 

90 

10 

25 

5.400 

17,000 







































THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



The Wheelock Corliss Engine. 






































































SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 


The Wheelock Corliss Engine. 


The Wheelock Corliss Engine is one of the simplest types of en¬ 
gine using detaching valve gear, and, although one of the oldest, it is 
still one of the most popular and reliable automatic engines in use. 
The peculiar construction of the valves, and the fact that they are sus¬ 
pended on hardened and ground stems, carried in hardened steel bush¬ 
ings, insures freedom from any considerable friction or cutting of the 
valve faces, and the arrangement of the valves is such that considerable 
latitude is possible in the adjustment of the points of release and com¬ 
pression, combined with a wide range of cut-off. 

The governor is powerful and sensitive, and close regulation can 
be depended on under all conditions of load. The piston is provided 
with the well-known Wheelock packing, and the valve stems are self¬ 
packing, no stuffing boxes being necessary. It is an economical, ef¬ 
ficient and durable engine, and the workmanship, material and finish 
is first class in every particular. 


PRICE LIST, SIZES, ETC. 


Indicated 
horse¬ 
power 
cut-off, 
ioo lbs. 
pressure. 

Diameter, 

cylinder, 

inches. 

Stroke 
of piston, 
inches. 

Revolti- 
1 tions per 
i minute. 

Bandwheel. 

I 

Diameter, Face, Weight, 

1 feet. inches. pounds 

Approxi- 
! mate 
' total 
weight, 
pounds. 

Price. 

88 

12 

30 

92 

9 

J 5 

5,800 

14.000 ; 

$ 2,000.00 

120 

14 

3 ° 

92 

10 

19 

8,000 

17,000 

2,400 00 

180 

l6 

36 

84 

12 

21 

10,000 

23,000 , 

3,100.00 

186 

l6 

42 

80 

12 

23 

12,000 

26,000 

3,600.00 

224 

18 

36 

90 

12 

25 

13,000 

29,500 

3.750.00 

232 

18 

42 

80 

14 

23 

14 000 

32,000 

4,000.00 

249 

18 

48 

75 

15 

25 

15,000 

35.500 

4,400 00 

285 

20 

42 

80 

15 

27 

16,000 

37,000 

4,600.00 

306 

20 

48 

75 

16 

27 

18,000 

41,500 

5.000.00 


Further information furnished upon application. 































*3 



Tandem Compound Corliss Engine. 


















































































































































































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


115 


Tandem Compound Corliss Engines. 


The illustration on the opposite page shows a Tandem Compound 
Corliss Engine with receiver and condenser. The general construction 
and design of our compound engines embody the principal features of 
our Single Improved Corliss Engines. The size of cylinders and pro¬ 
portions relative to the compound principle are designed to meet the 
requirements of our customers, and to obtain the best practical re¬ 
sults. 

The tandem engine has some advantages over the cross compound; 
its first cost is less, it requires less floor space, has fewer working parts, 
consequently less wear and tear. These engines can be used to run 
either condensing or non-condensing. The most economical, how¬ 
ever, are the compound condensing. 


PRICE LIST, SIZES, ETC. 


Horse¬ 
power, 
100 lbs. 
pressure 

High- 

pressure 

cylinder, 

inches. 

Low- 

pressure 

cylinder, 

inches. 

Stroke, 

piston, 

inches. 

Revo¬ 

lutions 

per 

minute. 

Bandwheel. 

Esti¬ 

mated 

total 

weight, 

pounds. 

Price. 

Diam., 

feet. 

Face, 

inches. 

Weight, 

pounds. 

135 

12 

18 

36 

90 

12 

20 

9,000 



167 

14 

20 

36 

80 

14 

24 

13,500 



252 

16 

24 

42 

80 

16 

24 

15,000 



318 

18 

26 

48 

75 

16 

30 

18,000 



420 

20 

30 

48 

75 

18 

38 

24,000 



480 

22 

32 

48 

75 

20 

42 

27,000 



504 

22 

32 

5 ! 

70 

20 

44 

30,000 



636 

24 

36 

54 

70 

22 

47 

34,000 



656 

24 

36 

60 

65 

22 

47 

34,000 



712 

26 

38 

54 

70 

24 

5° 

36,000 



734 

26 

38 

60 

65 

24 

50 

36,000 



895 

28 

42 

60 

65 

24 

52 

38,000 



988 

30 

44 

60 

65 

26 

52 

41,000 



1,089 

32 

48 

66 

55 

26 

54 

44,000 



1,286 

34 

50 

66 

55 

28 

56 

52,000 



1,176 

34 

50 

72 

50 

28 

56 

52,000 



1,375 

36 

54 

72 

50 

30 

60 

61,000 




Prices and specifications furnished upon application. 





























































































































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


Cross Compound Corliss Engine. 


The Cross Compound Corliss Engine has certain characteristics 
which for large powers make this type preferable to the tandem com¬ 
pound, previously described. The cross compound type is more ac¬ 
cessible, the individual running parts are smaller, and turning effort on 
the crank shaft is more even, permitting the use of a lighter flywheel 
than could be used on a tandem engine. 

There can be one or two bandwheels, as may be required for 
work to be done. In case of very large engines, it is advisable to have 
a pillow block between frame bearings and two wheels. 

The frames are of girder type, strong and insuring rigidity. The 
workmanship, design and material used in the construction of our cross 
compound engines is the same as in our tandem compound engines. 

A receiver is placed between the high and low pressure cylinders. 
This receiver acts as an equalizer to maintain a uniform pressure upon 
low-pressure piston. 

It is thus seen that the advantages of the Compound Condensing 
Corliss Engine are as follows: 

First—The engine having its steam and exhaust valves indepen¬ 
dent of each other and cutting off at any point in the stroke. 

Second—The condenser removes a large resistance from in front ot 
advancing piston. 

Third—A high grade of expansion is permissible, at the same time 
extreme variations of temperature in the cylinders are avoided. 

This type of engine represents the best results yet known in pro¬ 
ducing power from heat. 

Special designs furnished upon application. 


PRICE LIST, SIZES, ETC. 


Horse¬ 
power, 
ioo lbs. 
pressure, 

., ratio 

I tO 

High- 

pressure 

cylinder, 

inches. 

Low- 

pressure 

cylinder, 

inches. 

Stroke,: 
piston, | 
inches. 

Revolu¬ 

tions 

per 

minute 

Bandwheel. 

j Diam., 1 Face, j Weight, 

1 feet, inches, pounds. 

Estimated 

total 

weight, 

pounds. 

Price. 

135 

12 

18 

36 

90 

12 

20 

9,000 

5 L 400 . 

167 

14 

20 

36 

80 

14 

24 

13,500 

54,000 . 

252 

16 

24 

42 

80 

16 

24 

15,000 

85,000 . 

318 

18 

26 

48 

75 

16 

30 

18,000 

97,000 . 

420 

20 

30 

48 

75 

18 

38 

24,000 

122,000 . 

480 

22 

32 

48 

75 

20 

42 

27,000 

144,000 . 

504 

22 

32 

54 

70 

20 

44 

30,000 

152,000 . 

636 

24 

36 

54 

70 

22 

47 

34,000 


656 

24 

3 6 

60 

65 

22 

47 

34,000 


712 

26 

38 

54 

70 

24 

50 

36,000 


734 

26 

38 

60 

65 

24 

50 

36,000 


895 

28 

42 

60 

65 

24 

52 

38,000 


988 

3 ° 

44 

60 

65 

26 

52 

41,000 


1,089 

32 

48 

66 

55 

26 

54 

44,000 


1,286 

34 

50 

66 

55 

28 

56 

52,000 


1,176 

34 

50 

72 

50 

28 

56 

52,000 


i ,375 

36 

54 

72 

50 

30 

60 

61,000 




















































118 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



Union Gasoline Engines. 


The illustration above shows the latest type of the Union Gasoline 
Engine. It is particularly adapted for operating prospecting machin¬ 
ery, dynamos, pumps, etc., in mining localities, where the supply of 
water, coal and wood is limited. The fuel used is either natural or 
manufactured gas, gasoline, naphtha, benzine or distillate. 

It is entirely automatic in action, and is fitted with a very sensitive 
governor which allows gas to be used only in proportion to the work 
to be performed. 

The engine requires one-eighth of a gallon of gasoline for each 
horse-power, per hour, up to six horse-power, and for the larger sizes 
one-tenth of a gallon. The average cost of gasoline is from ten to fif¬ 
teen cents per gallon. 

Its speed is remarkably steady and the regulation very close. 

No boiler required, no fire, gives good results, is very economical, 
and serves well the purpose for which it is intended. 

See opposite page for price list and standard sizes. 



















SAN FRANCISCO, CAL . 


Union Gasoline Engines. 

( SELF-CONTAINED.) 


PRICE LIST, STANDARD SIZES, ETC. 


Actual 

horse-power. 

Pulley. 

Revolutions 
per minute. 

Approximate 
weight, pounds. 

Price. 

Diameter, 

inches. 

Face, 

inches. 

3 

6 

6 

400 

630 

$ 32500 

5 

IO 

8 

420 

1400 

500.00 

IO 

24 

12 

250 

4500 

900.00 

15 

30 

14 

220 

7000 

1,225.00 

18 

32 

14 

220 

7300 

1,375-00 

25 



180 

9500 

1,875.00 

30 



180 

11,000 

2,125.00 

35 



200 

13,000 

2,525.00 

50 



l6o 

17,000 

2,875.00 

60 



175 

19,000 

3,125.00 


All engines over twenty horse-power are fitted with self-starters. 
A similar attachment can be put on any size if ordered, but as the 
smaller engines start so easily it is not necessary. 

Only the best materials are used in each and every part of the 
engines. The crank shafts and connecting rods are of the best open 
hearth forged steel. 

Every engine is carefully tested before leaving the works, and is 
guaranteed to develop the power for which it is sold. 

Further information cheerfully given upon application. Corre¬ 
spondence solicited. 

























THE UNION IRON IVOR NS, 



Upright Tubular Boilers. 

[ FROM 4 TO 60 HORSE-POWER.] 










































































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


Upright Tubular Boilers. 


The illustration on the opposite page shows an Upright Tubular 
Boiler. We particularly recommend this type for small powers, or 
where economy in space is required. The bases are made of cast iron, 
with large ash-doors; hoods of most improved patterns; hand holes 
above crown-sheets and in bottom of legs. 

These boilers are made of best quality steel, and are tested at 150 
pounds water pressure before leaving works. 

The table below is calculated at twelve square feet of heating sur¬ 
face to the horse-power. 

PRICE LIST, WEIGHTS, ETC. 


Horse¬ 

power. 

Diarn. 

of 

boiler. 

Height 
of boiler. 

Diam. 

of 

fur¬ 

nace. 

Height 

of 

fur¬ 

nace. 

I Thick- 
[ ness 

1 of steel 
jin shell 
and 

1 furnace 

1 

Thick¬ 

ness 

steel 

in 

heads. 

Length 

of 

tubes. 

Num¬ 
ber ot 
tubes 
all 2 " 
diam. 

Actual 

T? 

surface 

Wt. of 
boiler 
without 
base 
and 

1 fixtures. 

Wt. of 
boiler, 
base 
j and 
fixtures. 

Total 
wt. of 
boiler. 

Price. 

4 

24 

4 

20 

24 

X 

x 

24 

31 

45 

900 

280 

I,l8o 

1 95-00 

5 

24 

5 

20 

24 

X 

X 

36 

31 

60 

1,000 

280 

1,280 

105.00 

6 

24 

6 

20 

24 

X 

X 

48 

31 

75 

1,100 

280 

1,380 

no.00 

7 

30 

5 

25 

27 

X 

y% 

33 

53 

90 

1,300 

460 

1,760 

I30.OO 

9 

3° 

6 

25 

27 

X 

x 

45 

53 

118 

I 500 

460 

1,960 

142.00 

12 

30 

7 

25 

27 

X 

X 

57 

53 

148 

1,700 

460 

2,160 

160 OO 

12 

36 

6 

31 

27 

72 

y% 

45 

68 

151 

1,950 

780 

2,730 

170.00 

15 

-36 

7 

31 

27 

75 

X 

57 

68 

186 

2,200 

780 

2,980 

205 .OO 

18 

36 

1 8 

31 

27 

72 

x 

69 

68 

221 

2,450 

780 

3,230 

220.00 

23 

42 

8 

37 

33 

72 

X 

63 

88 

280 

3.000 

1,000 

4,000 

270.00 

27 

42 

i 9 

37 

33 

72 

x 

75 

88 

325 

3,300 

1,000 

4,300 

29O.OO 

3i 

42 

10 

37 

33 

72 

x 

87 

88 

383 

3,600 

1,000 

4,7oo 

1 3IO.OO 

36 

48 

9 

43 

33 


x 

75 

124 

435 

4,300 

1,325 

5,625 

385.OO 

41 

48 

10 

43 

33 

12 

x 

87 

124 

500 

4 7oo 

1,325 

6,025 

405.OO 

47 

48 

IX 

43 

33 

T2 

X 

99 

124 

565 

5,100 

1,325 

6,425 

430.00 

50 

54 

10 

48 

33 

1 5 2 

H 

87 

150 

608 

5,7oo 

1,725 

7,425 

500.00 

60 

60 

11 

55 

36 

T2 

X 

96 

171 

720 

7,000 

2,050 

9,050 

600.00 


“Fixtures” comprise the Steam Gauge, Water Gauge, Gauge Cocks, Safety Valve, 
Blow-off Valve, Check and Stop Valves. 

Further information given upon application. 








































122 


THE UNION IRON IVOR NS, 



Standard Semi-portable Locomotive 

Boiler. 


The above illustration shows a Semi-portable Locomotive Boiler, mounted 
on skids. 

This type is suitable for work up to sixty horse-power, and in many cases 
cheaper than boilers built in masonry. 

The workmanship and material is of the best quality. 

PRICE LIST, WEIGHTS, ETC. 


Horse¬ 

power. 

Diam. 

inches. 

Fire-box. 

Tubes. 

Diam. 

of 

smoke¬ 

stack. 

Height 

smoke¬ 

stack, 

feet. 

Weight. 

Price. 

Length, 

inches. 

Width, 

inches. 

Height, 

inches. 

No. 

Diameter, 

inches. 

Length, 

inches. 

6 

26 

34 

21 

29 


3 

54 

12 

18 

2,900 

#235.00 

8 

28 

36 

22 

32 

18 

3 

60 

13 

18 

3,200 

250.00 

IO 

30 

38 

24 

34 

22 

3 

72 

14 

18 

3,650 

285.00 

12 

32 

38 

26 

38 

26 

3 

72 

15 

20 

4,300 

305.00 

15 

32 

44 

26 

38 

26 

3 

78 

15 

20 

5,190 

325.00 

20 

34 

52 

28 

38 

30 

3 

90 

16 

24 

5,900 

375-oo 

25 

36 

52 

30 

40 

34 

3 

96 

18 

24 

6,100 

420.00 

30 

36 

52 

30 

40 

34 

3 

102 

18 

24 

6,400 

440.00 

35 

40 

52 

34 

44 

40 

3 

102 

20 

30 

6,900 

500.00 

40 

40 

60 

34 

44 

42 

3 

120 

20 

35 

8,000 

585.00 

50 

44 

64 

38 

50 

48 

3 

132 

22 

40 

9,750 

660.00 

6o 

48 

64 

42 

52 

52 

3 

144 

22 

45 

12,000 

800.00 


Fixtures comprise Smokestack, Grates, Safety Valve, Gauge Cocks, Steam Gauge, 
Whistle, Water Gauge, Blow-off, Stop and Check Valves. 

All boilers are thoroughly tested with watgr pressure before leaving the w'orks, and are 
complete, ready for work. 

Further information given upon application. 






























































Boiler. 

Tubes. 

Steam 

Drum. 

Smoke 

Stack. 

Thickness of boiler 
shell, inches. 

Weight of boiler, 
pounds. 

Weight of boiler 
and fittings, 
pounds. 

Price. 

Mud 

Drum. 

Weight, pounds. 

Price, extra. 

Horse-power. 

Diameter, 

inches. 

Length, 

feet. 

Number. 

Diameter, 

inches. 

Length, 

feet. 

Diameter, 

inches. 

Length, 

inches. 

Diameter, 

inches. 

Height, 

feet. 

Diameter, 

inches. 

Length, 

feet. 

24 

30 

12 

18 

3 

12 

20 

30 

16 

35 

X 

3.200 

6,500 

$ 515 00 

. , 



$ . 

26 

36 

12 

28 

3 

12 

24 

42 

18 

35 

X 

3,600 

7,880 

635.00 



.... 


3° 

42 

12 

38 

3 

12 

3° 

42 

21 

40 

X 

4,000 

9,100 

800.00 



.... 


40 

42 

14 

38 

3 

14 

30 

42 

21 

40 

X 

5,730 

10,800 

870 00 

18 

6'A 

800 

85.00 

45 

48 

14 

34 

3^ 

14 

30 

48 


40 

5 

T<? 

6,720 

12,000 

1,000.00 

18 

6'A 

800 

85.OO 

48 

48 

16 

34 

2 >X 

16 

30 

48 

24 

40 

5 

TS 

7,680 

13,800 

1,080.00 

20 

6 A 

900 

85.00 

60 

54 

16 

44 

3'A 

16 

30 

48 

27 

40 

5 

T* 

9> I2 o 

15.900 

1,260.00 

20 

&X 

900 

100.00 

80 

60 

16 

57 

3'A 

16 

30 

60 

30 

40 

X 

11,160 

l8,6oO 

1,485.00 

20 

6 X 

900 

100.00 


Fixtures comprise breeching, Smokestack and Damper, galvanized wire 
rope for guys, Fire Front, Grate Bars, Bearing Bars, Arch Flue Plate, Soot Doors 
and Frame, Boiler Stand or Rest, wrought-iron buck stays and bolts, Safety Valve, 
Check and Feed Valves, Blow-off Cock, Gauge Columns and Fittings, Gauge 
Cocks, Glass Water Gauge, Steam Gauge, bolts for all joints. 

Further information given upon application. 


SAN FRANC/SCO , CAL. 


Single Horizontal Tubular Boilers. 


The Single Horizontal Tubular Boiler and setting illustrated above is designed 
particularly for Mines, Mills, Smelters, etc. 

The workmanship and material is of the best quality. 

PRICE LIST, WEIGHTS, ETC. 
























































































































THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



FRONT VIEW. 



SIDE VIEW. 


Double Horizontal Tubular Boiler. 


INDEPENDENT SETTING. 



























































































































































































SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 125 


Double Horizontal Tubular Boilers. 

The illustration on the opposite page shows a pair of boilers gen¬ 
erally called “double boilers,” arranged to run together only. They 
are connected by large steam drum on top and mud drum on bottom. 
A double breeching unites both boilers with smokestack. 

For sizes and prices see table below. 


INDEPENDENT SETTING. 


u 

V 

* 

0 

a 

i 

z 

0 

X 

Size of 
Boilers. 

Tubes. 

Steam 

Drums. 

Smoke 

Stack. 

Heating surface, 
square feet. 

Weight of each 
boiler, pounds. 

Total weight, 
pounds. 

Price. 

Mud 

Drum. 

Weight of mud 
drum, pounds. 

Price of mud 
drum. 

Diameter, 

inches. 

Length, 

feet. 

Number. 

Diameter, 
inches. | 

Diameter, | 
inches. 

Length, 
inches, i 

Diameter, 

inches. 

Length, 

feet. 

Diameter, 1 
inches. 

Length 

feet. 1 

90 

48 

14 

34 

3 'A 

30 

48 

34 

40 

1,050 

6,720 

24,000 


18 

6 % 

800 


96 

48 

16 

34 

3/2 

30 

48 

34 

40 

1,200 

7,680 

27,600 


20 

e/ 

900 


120 

54 

16 

44 

3/2 

30 

48 

37 

40 

I,5l6 

9,120 

31,800 


20 

t'A 

900 


l6o 

60 

16 

57 

3/2 

30 

60 

42 

40 

1,934 

II,l6o 

1 

37,200 


20 

e/ 

900 







STANDARD BOILERS SET 

IN PAIRS. 





90 

48 

14 

34 

3/2 

36 

8 ft 

34 

40 

1,050 

6,720 

23,000 


IS 

12/ 

1,600 


96 

48 

16 

34 

3/2 

36 

8“ 

34 

40 

1,200 

7,680 

26,600 


20 

12 

I,8oo 


120 

54 

16 

44 

3/2 

36 

xo “ 

37 

40 

I,5l6 

9,120 

30,800 


20 

*3/2 

2,000 


160 

60 

16 

57 

3/2 

36 

12“ 

42 

40 

1.924 

11,160 

36,200 


20 


2,200 



Fixtures comprise breeching, smokestack and damper, galvanized 
wire rope for guys, fire front, grate bars, bearing bars, arch flue plate, 
soot doors and frame, boiler stand or rest, wrought-iron buck stays and 
bolts, safety valve, check and feed valves, blow-off cock, gauge col¬ 
umns and fittings, gauge cocks, glass water gauge, steam gauge, bolts 
for all joints. 

Further information given upon application. 




































































126 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



The Cameron Steam Pump. 


FOR BOILER FEED, OR GENERAL PUMPING SERVICE—ARRANGED FOR 
PUMPING HOT OR COLD WATER, OR OTHER FLUIDS. 


The illustration above shows the Cameron Pump, designed for 
general pumping service. The pump cylinders are either plain iron 
with iron piston rods for pumping fresh cold water, or are arranged 
with pump linings, pistons, piston rods, valve seats, and stems of best 
composition. 

The pump valves are easily accessible. Its construction permits 
of using any material for valves to suit liquids of any temperature or 
consistency. 

The water pistons are packed with fibrous packing, and arranged 
for either hot or cold liquids. 

Every pump has suction openings on both sides of pump cylinder, 
and the discharge outlet can be turned in any direction required. 

Every pump is thoroughly tested before it leaves the works, and 
guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction. 

First five sizes are made to work by hand when so desired. 

Special pump catalogue furnished upon application. 











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SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


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128 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


PRICE LIST, SIZES, WEIGHTS, ETC. 


Size No. 

Horse-power 

of 

engine. 

Diameter, 

feet. 

Height, 

feet. 

Weight, 

pounds. 

Price. 

I 

6 

I 

5 

300 

$ 90.00 

2 

15 

Wz 

6K 

460 

150.00 

3 

30 

2 

7 l A 

680 

200.00 

4 

50 

2 # 

9 

1.175 

250.OO 

5 

75 

3 

9 

1,510 

325.00 

6 

IIO 

3 ^ 

10 

2,100 

400.00 

7 

150 

4 

10 

2,700 

475-00 

8 

195 

4 K 

11 

3250 

550.00 

9 

250 

5 

11 

3,750 

625.OO 

IO 

320 

S'/z 

12 

4,800 

725.OO 

ir 

400 

6 

12 

5.650 

85O.OO 


The Llewellyn Heater. 















































































































































































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


The Llewellyn Heater. 

The illustrations on the opposite page show the Llewellyn Heater. 
The utilization of exhaust steam for the purpose of heating feed-water 
is a very important factor in the economical working of all steam 
plants, and should receive more attention than is usually given to it. 
Every degree of heat imparted to the feed-water before it enters into the 
boiler is just so much saved, not only in cost of fuel, but also in in¬ 
creased capacity of the boiler. 

The Llewellyn Heater is very efficient and of simple construction. 
By referring to the illustration, its operation is easily understood. A 
cast-iron grating is placed in the shell above the exhaust inlet. Upon 
this grating is piled a quantity of cobble-stones, ranging from four to 
six inches in diameter. The steam exhausted from the engine is ad¬ 
mitted below, and passes upward through the stones, imparting to them 
the heat it contains. The feed-water is automatically showered upon 
the heated stones, passing downward into the reservoir, from which it 
is pumped into the boiler. 

This feed-water heater possesses many valuable features which we 
desire to call attention to. Regarded simply as a heater, it heats the 
water nearly to boiling point, and automatically controls the quantity 
of water required for the boiler. 

As a purifier it removes most of the impurities from the water be¬ 
fore it enters the boiler, thus preventing scale, accomplishing this by 
heating the water to the degree of temperature necessary to cause the 
carbonate of lime and other impurities to be precipitated upon the stones 
before passing into the reservoir, from which it is pumped into the 
boiler. 

As a condenser, more than one-third of the steam admitted to the 
heater is condensed into pure water, which is returned to the boiler, 
and assists in loosening and removing old scale, should there be any. 

As an “open” heater, it is beyond doubt the simplest and best com¬ 
bination for the purpose in use, and is a valuable adjunct to any steam 
plant. 











130 


THE UNION IRON WORKS , 

« 


The National Brass Coil Heater. 



EXHAUST PIPE 


PI PC 


The Heater which we illustrate herewith 
is one of the recent common-sense improve¬ 
ments in this class of steam appliances. Its 
simplicity, efficiency and the reasonable 
price at which it is sold has brought it into 
very general use. 

It consists of a coil or series of coils of 
seamless drawn brass tubes contained within 
an iron shell. The feed-water for the boiler 
passes through this coil, and is heated by the 
exhaust steam from the engine to boiling 
point. 

In the manufacture of these heaters none 
but the very best quality of seamless brass 
tubes are used, and they are tested to 200 
pounds pressure before leaving the works. 

The National is an absolutely “closed” 
heater. Leaky joints are wholly obviated 
by the coil, which is free to expand and 
contract. The flow of the feed-water to the 
boiler is perfectly free and easy. It is the 
best heater made for use in connection with 
condensing engines, delivering the feed from 
150° to 160 0 , and is no detriment to the 
vacuum. 


PRICE LIST, SIZES, WEIGHTS, ETC. 


Number. 

Horse¬ 

power. 

Diameter ) 
of 

feed pipe, j j 
inches. 

Diameter 
ofexhaust 
pipe, inch. 

Outside 
dimensions 
of heater, 

Weight, 

pounds. 

Price. 


Number. 1 

1 

Horse¬ 

power. 

Diameter 

of 

feed pipe, 
inches. 

Diameter 
of exhaust 
pipe, inch. 

Outside 
dimensions 
of heater. 

Weight, 
pounds. [ 

Price. 

* 

Height 

inch. 

Diam. 

inch. 

# 

Height 

inch. 

Diam. 

inch. 

■°5 

5 

% 

2 

10 

7 

3 ° 

$15 


20 

200 

1 14 or 2 

8 

7 ° 

26 

1,250 

$ 280 

I 

10 

% 

2 

12 

II 

5 ° 

20 


25 

250 

1% or 2 

8 

66 

29 

1,310 

340 

1% 

15 

% 

2 14 

17 

16 

65 

25 


30 

30° 

2 

8 

89 

29 

i, 35 o 

400 

2 

20 

Vx 

2 >4 

18 

19 

175 

35 


40 

400 

2 or 2 14 

10 

88 

36 

1,800 

500 

2*4 

25 

I 

3 

20 

20 

250 

45 


50 

500 

2 or 2 14 

10 

102 

36 

2,000 

600 

3 

30 

I 

4 

22 

20 

330 

55 


60 

600 

2 14 or 3 

12 

101 

42 

2,600 

700 

4 

40 

I 

4 

23 

20 

375 

65 


80 

800 

3 

12 

no 

42 

2,800 

1,000 

5 

5 ° 

I 

4 

29 

20 

420 

80 


100 

1,000 

3 or 4 

18 

117 

56 

4,750 

1,400 

6 

60 

I 

4 

34 

20 

455 

100 


125 

1,250 

4 

18 

133 

56 

5,550 

1,600 

8 

80 

I 

4 

39 

20 

515 

120 


150 

1,500 

4 

18 

143 

56 

6,000 

2,000 

10 

100 

1 or 

5 

56 

22 

615 

140 


200 

2,000 

414 or 5 

18 

138 

65 

6,250 

2,50c 

12 

125 

iVx or 1 y 2 

5 

58 

22 

655 

175 


230 

2,500 

5 

18 

158 

65 

6,500 

3,000 

15 

150 

1 % 

8 

60 

26 

1,000 

220 











*The heights from No. 10 to No. 250 include legs; no legs below No. 10 unless ordered. 

Sizes 5 to 25 horse-power have exhaust inlet and outlet in top head; sizes 30 horse-power and over have 
inlet in bottom and outlet in top beads, unless ordered otherwise. 

Size of exhaust varied to suit requirements of engine. 

Two or more exhausts in bottom head if necessary. 



























































































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


Steam Pumps 

FOR MINING PURPOSES. 


In the course of mine development, before sufficient depth has 
been attained to justify the expense of putting in a “Cornish” system 
for drainage, the steam pump is generally used, and if properly selected 
for the work to be performed they give good results both as to duty 
performed and attendance required. 

The steam should be carried down the shaft in a well-covered pipe 
to avoid as much as possible loss from condensation, and the exhaust 
from the pumps should always be led into a condenser as a measure of 
economy. 

For station pumps an independent condenser and air pump should 
be employed. For the sinking pumps the exhaust should be led into 
a suction condenser. 

The steam pumps which we illustrate and describe on the follow¬ 
ing pages can be operated by compressed air as well as by steam, if 
desired. In localities affording free water power, within a few miles of 
the mine, compressed air furnishes the most simple and efficient power 
for pumping. 

We make a specialty of the transmission of power by compressed 
air for underground work, and will be pleased to furnish our patrons 
with any information on the subject required. 

We will also be pleased to give any information desired on the 
subject of operating pumps by means of electricity. We do not con¬ 
fine ourselves to the special designs and patterns of pumps illustrated, 
but will furnish plans and specifications with estimates for any duty 
required. 









Vertical Mining Pump 


FOR SINKING AND RECOVERING SHAFTS. 

Double Plunger Pattern. 


PRICE LIST, SIZES, ETC. 


No. 

Steam 

cylin¬ 

der. 

Diam. 

Plun¬ 

ger. 

Diam. 

Stroke, 

in 

inches 

Gallons 
per min. 
ordinary 
piston* 
speed. 

Steam 

pipe, 

inches. 

Ex¬ 

haust 

Pipe- 

inches. 

Suction 

pipe, 

inches. 

Dis¬ 

charge 

pipe, 

inches. 

Dimensions of 
packages 
for shipping, 
inches. 

Shipping 

weight, 

pounds. 

Price. 

5 

7 

314 

12 

50 

I 

*X 

2 X 

2 

90 X 22 X 28 

1,380 

$350-00 

6 

8 

4 

12 

65 

I 

IX 

3 

2X 

90 x 22 x 28 

1,460 

400.00 

7 

IO 

5 

13 

no 

iX 

2 

4 

3 

99 x 25 X 38 

2,430 

475-00 

9 

12 

7 

13 

216 

I X 

2 X 

5 

4 

102 X 30 X 40 

3,450 

575-00 

9 a 

12 

6 

13 

158 

iX 

2X 

5 

4 

102 X 30 X 40 

3,450 

575-00 

9 b 

M 

7 

13 

216 

2 

3 

5 

4 

no X 33 X 44 

4,100 


io 

14 

8 

13 

293 

2 

3 

6 

5 

no x 33 x 44 

4,525 


IX 

16 

8 

16 

348 

2X 

4 

6 

5 

120 X 37 X 48 

5,500 


12 

18 

9 

16 

440 

3 

4 

6 

5 

120 x 39 x 50 

6,100 



Prices on larger sizes, or other combinations, furnished upon application. 





































































































































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


Vertical Mining Pump, 


The illustration on the opposite page shows a vertical mining 
pump for sinking and recovering shafts. It is of the double plunger 
pattern, most improved design, is easily handled, and can be placed 
at an angle or horizontally, and operate perfectly. Being strongly 
built and very compact, it will withstand rough usage such as ma¬ 
chinery of this class is always subjected to. 

The pump requires but little room in the shaft. It will throw a 
steady continuous stream of water and will work equally well when 
hanging by the tackle or hooked to the shaft timbering. 

It is so constructed that the packing can be tightened while operat¬ 
ing, or repacked without disturbing any of the connections. 

A base plate can be attached to the bottom of the pump cylinder, 
and the pump used for general purposes after the work in the shaft is 
completed. 

TO CORRESPONDENTS. 

In ordering or corresponding in regard to steam pumps, it should 
be borne in mind that the successful application of a pump depends 
greatly upon its proper selection from a variety of patterns, arranged 
for various purposes, which we have designed to meet the wants of 
purchasers. 

It is, therefore, to the interest of our patrons that we should be in¬ 
formed on the following points: 

1. For what purpose is the pump to be used? 

2. What kind of liquid to be pumped? and if fresh, salt or acidu¬ 
lous, hot or cold, clear or gritty? 

.3. What height is the liquid to be lifted by suction? also, diameter 
and length of suction pipe, with the number of elbows or bends? 

4. To what height, or against what pressure, is the liquid to be 
forced? Give diameter and length of delivery pipe. 

5. What is the maximum quantity to be forced per minute or 
hour? 

6. What is the pressure of steam used? 

For further information send for our Special Pump Catalogue. 










THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Compound Sinking Pump. 

ACTUATED BY AIR. 



The Compound Vertical Mining (or 
Sinking) Pump illustrated herewith is in¬ 
tended particularly for use with com¬ 
pressed air, as the arrangement of cylin¬ 
ders admits of the air being used ex¬ 
pansively, insuring a high degree of 
economy. 

This pump is designed for hard 
usage and severe and continuous duty. 
It will work equally well at any angle, or 
in either a vertical or horizontal position, 
and particular attention is called to the 
accessibility and simplicity of all parts. 
It is made, either as shown, with bucket 
plunger, or with outside packed, differ¬ 
ential plunger, and is an economical, 
efficient and thoroughly reliable 
machine. 

These pumps are not kept in stock, 
but are built to suit the varying condi¬ 
tions of lift and steam or air pressure. 

Further particulars, prices, etc., 
given on application. 





















The Cameron Double Plunger Pumps. 


The illustration above shows a Cameron Double Plunger Pump, especially designed for 
feeding boilers with hot or cold water, under heavy pressure. They are extensively used in 
rolling mills, blast furnaces, etc., and have entirely superseded the expensive and cumbersome 
fly-wheel pumps, formerly so commonly in use for that purpose. They are also adapted for 
pumping water mixed with sand or grit. They are more compact than any other make of 
plunger pumps; there are no outside connections, and, the plunger resting in the stuffing 
boxes in the center, there is no liability of its sagging. 

The valve arrangement is similar to the regular piston pump. The water valve seats are 
made of the best composition. Valves of material to best suit the situation. Piston rods of 
steel with iron plungers, or rods and plungers of best composition, as circumstances require. 


PRICE LIST, SIZES, ETC. 


Pumps. 

Diameter of 
steam cylinder. | 

Diameter of 
plunger. 

Stroke in inches, ; 

Capacity at 
ordinary speed, 
per minute. 

Boilers in 
horse-power they 
will supply. 

Steam pipe. 

Exhaust pipe. 

Suction pipe. 

Discharge pipe. 

Floor space 
required, 
inches. 

Weight. 

Price, all iron. 

Price, 

with composition 
piston rod. 

Price, 

with composition 
piston rods and 
plungers. 

A 

4 

2 

6 

12 

40 

y& 

X 

I* 

I 

53 x 10 


$125.00 

$128.00 

$150.00 

B 

6 

3 

7 

28 

IOO 

u 

I 

2 


59 X 13 


220.00 

225.00 

250.00 

B B 

7 

3 ^ 

7 

38 

140 

% 

I 

2 


60 x 15 

.... 

27O.OO 

275.OO 

300.00 

C 

8 

4 

12 

65 

260 

1 

*'A 

3 

2 J 4 

82 x 18 

.... 

375 -oo 

385 -GO 

425.OO 

D 

io 

5 

13 

IOO 

400 

iX 

2 

4 

3 

9 1 x 23 

.... 

450.00 

460.00 

500.00 

E 

12 

6 

18 

150 

600 

iX 

2^ 

5 

4 

114x25 

.... 




E E 

12 

7 

13 

200 



2^ 

5 

4 

99 x 27 

.... 




F 

14 

8 

18 

260 


2 

3 

6 

5 

126 x 29 

.... 




G 

14 

7 

18 

200 


2 

3 

5 

4 

126 X 28 

.... 




H 

16 

8 

18 

260 


2^ 

4 

6 

5 

130x30 

.... 





For further information send for our special Pump Catalogue. 



























































i 3 6 THE UNION IRON WORKS, 





PUMPING 

MACHINERY. 


In mine development, as depth is 
attained, one of the most important 
problems that presents itself is that of 
drainage. 

In a circular of this description it is 
impossible to give this subject the atten¬ 
tion it deserves, as no operation con¬ 
nected with mining involves the use and 
application of power to a greater extent 
than that of handling water. 

Many systems and devices are em¬ 
ployed, their selection being governed in 
many instances by local conditions. 

For ordinary conditions, however, 
the “Cornish system” is usually adopted, 
which consists of a timber “spear’ or 
pump rod running down the shaft, to 
which is attached a number of pumps 
located at different levels, which elevate the water 
in lifts from one to the other, the whole being driven 
by power located on the surface. 

This system may be divided into two classes, 
the “geared system” and the “direct system.” In 
the former the power is applied to the pump rod 
through a system of gearing; in the latter or direct 
system motion is imparted to the pump rod direct 
from the engine. 

The illustration herewith shows a complete set of 
Cornish Pumps (“geared system”) for a depth of 700 or 
800 feet. At the surface the “crown” gear is located, 
attached to heavy sole plates, which in turn are anchored 
to massive stone foundations; to the wrist or crank pin, 
secured to the gear, is attached the pitman rod, which 
connects with the balance bob, converting the rotary mo¬ 
tion of the gear into reciprocating motion, which is given 
the pump rod attached to the “nose” of the “bob,” and 


























































SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 137 


which passes down the shaft below the last station or No. 2. To this 
rod are attached the three pumps shown. The pump at the bottom of 
the shaft is called the sinking or lift pump, which lifts the water from 
the bottom of the shaft or “sump” into the tank located at Station 
No. 2. From this tank the station pump, which is a plunger force 
pump, takes the water and forces it up 300 feet and discharges it into 
a tank located at Station No. 1. Here, again, the process is repeated 
until the water is finally discharged at the surface. Intermediate be¬ 
tween the two pump stations is located an underground balance “bob.” 
This, with the main “bob” at the surface, is weighted until the power 
required is balanced, that is, the “in stroke” and “out stroke” requiring 
the same power, thus insuring a steady motion to all the parts. 

The pumps nearest the surface are usually larger than those lower 
down, as in most instances all the levels produce more or less water, 
which is caught up and conveyed to the nearest tank below. 

In many instances, while the shaft is being put down, that is, 
active sinking operations going on, the lift pump is dispensed with, 
owing to its being heavy and cumbersome to handle, and a steam pump 
is employed in its stead, which is easier to handle, takes up less room 
and permits drier work. This pump is often operated by compressed 
air. 

The power for operating this system can be applied by means of 
a steam engine, water power or electricity. Many of the mines of 
California employ water power for this purpose. 

The “geared system” is not adapted to great depths, as all the 
strains due to the great weight of the rods and their accelerating and 
retarding motion must center upon the wrist pin secured to the arm 
of the crown gear, located at the head of the shaft, thus requiring large 
pumps run at a moderate rate of speed. 

For deep mining the “direct system” possesses many advantages 
over the “geared system,” and is always employed where great depth 
and large quantities of water have to be dealt with; and especially is this 
true where the character of the work has to be of a permanent nature. 

While it is generally conceded that, wherever fuel has to be em¬ 
ployed for generating'the power required for pumping, the “Cornish 
system” is the most economical as to duty performed; yet, with the 
advent of electricity and the improved appliances for compressing air, 
the ease and facility with which power can be transmitted by both 
render the selection of a system for handling large or small quantities 
of water, lesser or greater depths, a matter that can only be determined 
by considering the conditions governing each particular case. 

We have had a large and varied experience in this class of machin¬ 
ery, having built some of the largest pumping plants in this country, and 
our knowledge on this subject is always at the service of our patrons. 

Plans, specifications and estimates furnished upon application for 
any duty required. 








Standard Pelton Water Wheel Mounted on Wooden Frame. 


















































































































































































































































































































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


The Pelton Water Wheel. 


The illustration on the opposite page shows a standard Pelton 
Water Wheel, mounted on wooden frame. This wheel is so well known 
to the public that it is useless to go into a description of same here. 

The power of the Pelton Wheel does not depend upon its diameter, 
but upon the head and the amount of water applied to it. Where a 
very considerable amount of power is wanted under a comparatively 
low head, a wheel of larger diameter is necessary to admit of buckets of 
corresponding capacity, as also the application of two or more nozzles 
for the purpose of multiplying power. 

Wheels as large as from twelve to sixteen and twenty feet in dia¬ 
meter are sometimes made for the purpose of direct connection with 
crank shafts of pumps, compressors, etc. Small buckets are frequently 
used on wheels of large diameter for purpose of reducing speed where 
operating under high heads and running slow-speed machinery. 

Where wheels of standard sizes do not meet the requirements of 
any particular case, special wheels can be made to suit the conditions 
presented. The velocity of the wheel being determined by the water 
head or pressure, the diameter can be made to conform to the speed 
required, and the buckets and nozzles proportioned to amount of water 
available and the power wanted, a special adaptation being thus made 
as far as possible in each case to the conditions under which the wheel 
is to work. 

The facility with which such adaptation can be made to all varying 
conditions is one of the marked and distinguishing features of the 
Pelton Wheel, and admits of application to a great variety of service 
in the most simple, economical and efficient way. 

When more than one nozzle is used, it is for the purpose of increas¬ 
ing the power by applying more water, or for securing a higher speed 
than can be obtained from a larger wheel with a single nozzle. By 
using multiple nozzles sufficient power can be obtained from a wheel of 
small diameter to admit ot direct connection to shaft of dynamo or 
other high-speed machinery without intermediate gearing, or of giving 
such increase of speed as to admit of belting direct without the use of 
countershafting and pulleys. 

See page 140 for price list, weights, etc. 








THE UNION IRON WORKS , 

The Pelton Water Wheel. 


PRICE LIST, STANDARD SIZES, ETC. 


Head 

18 

2 


4 

5 

[ 

6 

7 

8 

10 

12 

in 

inch 

foot 

foot 

foot 

foot 

foot 

foot 

foot 

foot 

foot 

feet. 

wheel. 

wheel. 

wheel. 

wheel. 

wheel. 

j wheel. 

wheel. 

wheel. 

wheel. 

wheel. 

50 


#150 

$210 

$275 

$350 

$400 

1 450 

$ 500 

$ 750 

#1.250 

IOO 

120 

160 

230 

290 

375 

425 

475 

550 

850 

1,400 

150 

125 

170 

240 

310 

390 

450 

500 

600 

975 

I,6oo 

200 

130 

175 

250 

340 

410 

475 

525 

650 

1,100 

1,750 

250 

135 

180 

275 

360 

440 

525 

575 

675 

1,200 

1,900 

300 

140 

185 

29O 

390 

475 

600 

650 

75 ° 

1,275 

2,100 

350 

150 

200 

3 IQ 

410 

540 

675 

725 

825 

1.375 

2,250 

400 

l6o 

210 

330 

450 

600 

775 

850 

95 ° 

1,500 

2,500 

450 

175 

225 

350 

475 

650 

875 

950 

1,100 

1.750 

3,000 

500 

200 

250 

375 

525 

725 

95 ° 

1,025 

1.250 

2,000 

3,500 


Weight 

Weight 

Weight 

Weight 

Weight 

Weight 

Weight 

Weight 

Weight 

Weight 


300 

45 ° 

75 ° 

1,100 

1,600 

2,400 

3,200 

4,100 

6,000 

8,000 


to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 


500 

800 

1,100 

i,8oo 

2,300 

3.100 

4,000 

5,000 

8,000 

12,000 


lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 

lbs. 


FOR HORSE-POWERS UNDER THE VARIOUS HEADS SEE TABLES. 

NOTE. —The above prices are net cash , not subject to discount, and are for 
Standard Wheels, to be mounted on Wood Frames, as shown. They include 
Shaft, Boxes, Collars, Key, Nozzle and Gate, with three interchangeable nozzle- 
tips to give variation of power if required. Driving pulleys are not included, as 
the various requirements make this impracticable. They are extra , but will be 
furnished of such size as required at regular prices. 

For wheels using two or more nozzles, or for special wheels to work under 
higher heads, prices will be quoted upon application. 

DATA REQUIRED FOR ESTIMATES. 

Correspondents applying for information should give the following data, or 
as much thereof as applies to their case: 

First —Amount of water available, either in miner’s inches or flow per 
minute in gallons or cubic feet. If in miner’s inches, give the size of the aper¬ 
ture in the measuring box and the head above the center of same. When the 
water supply varies at different seasons, give the smallest and largest amount, 
with a general average, and state if it is desired to have the wheel of capacity to 
utilize the full amount. 

Second —Head or vertical fall of water from ditch, flume or other source of 
supply to the point where wheel is to be located, with accuracy, if possible ; 
otherwise approximately, 

Third —Length and diameter of pipe line conveying water to wheel. If not 
already laid, consult tables as to proper size or write for information, giving full 
particulars as to length, and such other data as is called for herein. 

Fourth —Horse-power required and what it is designed to run. If for quartz 
mill, give the number and weight of stamps, and lift and drop per minute. Also 
describe in detail any other machinery it is proposed to run, with speed, etc. If 
for dynamos, give capacity and speed, and whether for power or light, distance of 
transmission, etc. 

Fifth —For pumping give amount of water to be raised and vertical depth. 
For hoisting give weight of cage, car and cable, as also load it is desired to carry, 
together with the vertical height, speed, etc. 

Sixth —Where the size of flume or ditch is given, showing volume of water, 
give in all cases the velocity of the current, or the grade on which the flume is laid. 

Seventh —Ho not give as water supply an amount that will fill a certain sized 
pipe, calculations based upon such information being difficult and unreliable. 

Eighth —With order, the fall or effective head, as also the horse-power the 
wheel is intended to develop, should be given with as much accuracy as possible. 
Wheels in no cases furnished without gate and nozzle, these being necessary to 
make a proper application of the stream to the wheel. 

For further information see Catalogue No. I. 































SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 


Tables for Calculating the Horse-power of Water. 


MINER’S INCH TABLE. 

The following table gives the Horse¬ 
power of one miner’s inch of water 
under heads from one up to eleven 
hundred feet. This equals \ l A cubic 
feet per minute. 


Heads 
in feet. 

Horse¬ 

power. 

Heads 
in feet. 

Horse¬ 

power. 

I 

.0024147 

320 

• 772704 

20 

.0482294 

330 

.796851 

30 

.072441 

340 

. 820998 

40 

. 096588 

350 

•845145 

50 

•120735 

360 

.869292 

60 

. 144882 

370 

■893439 

70 

. 169029 

380 

.917586 

80 

• 193176 

390 

•941733 

90 

.217323 

400 

. 965880 

IOO 

.241470 

410 

.990027 

IIO 

.265617 

420 

1-014174 

120 

. 289764 

430 

1.038321 

130 

•313911 

440 

1 . 062468 

140 

• 338058 

450 

1.086615 

150 

.362205 

460 

1 . 110762 

l6o 

•386352 

470 

1.134909 

170 

.410499 

480 

1 . 159056 

l8o 

• 434646 

490 

1 . 183206 

I90 

•458793 

5 °° 

1 . 207350 

200 

.482940 

520 

1 . 255644 

210 

. 507087 

540 

1 303938 

220 

.531234 

560 

1-352232 

23O 

•555381 

580 

1.400526 

240 

•579528 

600 

1 . 448820 

250 

603675 

650 

1 569555 

260 

.627822 

700 

1 . 690290 

270 

.651969 

750 

1.811025 

280 

.676116 

800 

1.931760 

29O 

.700263 

900 

2.173230 

300 

.724410 

1,000 

2.414700 

310 

• 748557 

1,100 

2.656170 


CUBIC FEET TABLE. 

The following table gives the Horse¬ 
power of one cubic foot of water per 
minute under heads from one up to 
eleven hundred feet: 


Heads 
in feet. 

Horse¬ 

power. 

Heads 
in feet. 

Horse¬ 

power. 

I 

.0016098 

320 

•515136 

20 

.032196 

330 

•531234 

30 

.048294 

340 

■547332 

40 

.064392 

350 

■563430 

50 

.080490 

360 

•579528 

60 

.096588 

370 

.595626 

70 

.112686 

380 

.611724 

80 

.128784 

390 

.627822 

90 

144892 

400 

• 643920 

IOO 

.160980 

410 

.660018 

IIO 

.177078 

420 

.676116 

120 

.193176 

43 ° 

.692214 

130 

.209274 

440 

.708312 

140 

•225372 

450 

•724410 

150 

.241470 

460 

.740508 

160 

•257568 

470 

.756606 

170 

.273666 

480 

•772704 

l8o 

.289764 

49 ° 

.788802 

I90 

.305862 

500 

.804900 

200 

.321960 

520 

837096 

210 

•338058 

540 

.869292 

220 

354156 

560 

.901488 

230 

•370254 

580 

•933684 

240 

•386352 

600 

.965880 

250 

• 402450 

650 

1.046370 

260 

.418548 

700 

1.126860 

270 

•434646 

750 

1 207350 

280 

•450744 

800 

1.287840 

290 

.466842 

900 

1.448820 

300 

.482940 

1,000 

1 609800 

310 

•499038 

1,100 

1.770780 


WHEN THE EXACT HEAD IS FOUND IN ABOVE TABLE. 


Example. —Have ioo foot head and 50 inches of water. How many Horse¬ 
power? 

By reference to above table the Horse-power of x inch under 100 foot head is 
.241470. This amount multiplied by the number of inches, 50, will give 12.07 
Horse-power. 

WHEN EXACT HEAD IS NOT FOUND IN TABLE. 

Take the Horse-power of 1 inch under 1 foot head, and multiply by the number 
of inches, and then by number of feet head. The product will be the required 
Horse-power. 

The above formula will answer for the cubic feet table, by substituting the 
equivalents therein for those of miner’s inches. 

NOTE. —The above tables are based upon an efficiency of S5%. 



































THE UNION IRON WORKS , 



Hydraulic Pipe. 


The question of water conduit is everywhere one of so much im¬ 
portance and is so intimately connected with the utilization of power 
by the water wheel, that special consideration is given to it in this 
connection. The use of sheet-iron pipe for hydraulic purposes and for 
power is strictly of California origin, and, though so extensively 
adopted in the Pacific Coast States, its advantages may be said to be 
very imperfectly understood in other parts of the country. 

The general impression among engineers, who have not made this 
subject a special study, being, that heavy, cast-iron pipe, or lap-weld 
tubing is necessary to carry any considerable pressure, or for any de¬ 
gree of permanency. This prejudice has arisen in part from the fact 
that sheet-iron pipe, when first used, was only painted on the outside, 
which proved ineffectual to prevent corrosion, so that from eight to ten 
years generally covered the extreme limit of service of pipe so laid. 

The plan then adopted of coating with a preparation of asphalt, 
both inside and out, proved so successful that it has been extensively 
used under every variety of condition as to pressure, diameter and 
thickness of iron, with the result that a comparatively light iron, in 
pipe of moderate diameter, will stand a much higher head than is gen¬ 
erally supposed, while, with a proper adaptation to diameter and pres¬ 
sure, it is not only much cheaper, but will meet every requirement more 
satisfactorily than any other kind of pipe made. 

What is termed the slip joint, illustrated above, is ordinarily used, 
excepting in pipe of large diameter, or under very high head. In laying 
such pipe, where the lengths come together at an angle, a lead joint 
should be made. This is done by putting on a sleeve, allowing a space 
say three-eighths of an inch for running in lead. With a heavy pres¬ 
sure, and expressly on steep grades, the lengths should be wired to¬ 
gether, lugs being put on the sections forming the joints for this pur¬ 
pose, and, where the grade is very steep, the pipe should be securely 
anchored with wire cable. 


























SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


Table of Sheet-iron Hydraulic Pipe. 


Diameter of 
pipe in inches. 

Area of pipe 
in inches. 

Thickness of 
iron(wire gauge). 

Head in feet 
pipe will stand 
with safety. 

Cubic feet of 
water pipe will 
convey per min,, 

3 feet velocity 
per second. 

Weight per foot 

in pounds. 

Price, per foot. 

Diameter of 

pipe in inches. 

Area of pipe 

in inches. 

Thickness of 

ironiwire gauge). 

Head in feet | 

pipe will stand 

with safety. 

1 

Cubic feet of 

water pipe will 

convey per min., 

3 feet velocity 

per second. 

Weight per foot 

in pounds. 

Price, per foot. 

3 

4 

4 

7 

12 

12 

18 

18 

16 

400 

350 

525 

9 

16 

16 

2 

2* 

3 

$ -20 
•25 
•35 

18 

18 

18 

18 

18 

254 

254 

254 

254 

254 

16 

14 

12 

II 

IO 

165 

252 

385 

424 

505 

320 

320 

320 

320 

320 

I 6 A 

20>£ 

27 X 

30 

34 

$1.20 

1.40 

1.90 
2.10 

2.40 

5 

5 

5 

20 

20 

20 

18 

16 

14 

325 

500 

675 

25 

25 

25 

S '/2 

4 X 

5 

•35 

•45 

•50 

20 

20 

20 

20 

20 

314 

314 

3*4 

3*4 

314 

l6 

14 

12 

II 

IO 

148 

227 

346 

380 

456 

400 

400 

400 

400 

400 

18 

22 X 

30 

32 ^ 

3 *A 

1.26 

*•54 

2.10 

2.25 

2.50 

6 

6 

6 

28 

28 

28 

18 

16 

14 

296 

487 

743 

36 

36 

36 

4 X 

5X 

7 l A 

• 44 

• 50 
■56 

7 

7 

7 

38 

38 

38 

18 

16 

14 

254 

419 

640 

50 

50 

50 

5 X 
6X 
8 'A 

• 50 
•56 

•63 

22 

22 

22 

22 

22 

380 

380 

380 

380 

380 

16 

1 *4 
12 

11 

10 

*35 

206 

316 

347 

4 i 5 

480 

480 

480 

480 

480 

20 

24X 

32X 

35 X 

40 

1.40 
1.70 
2.25 
2-45 
2.80 

8 

8 

8 

50 

50 

50 

16 

14 

12 

367 

560 

854 

63 

63 

63 

7 A 

9 A 
13 

•65 

•75 

•94 

24 

24 

24 

24 

24 

452 

452 

452 

452 

452 

14 

12 

** 

10 

8 

188 

290 

318 

379 

466 

570 

570 

570 

570 

570 

27X 

35 X 
39 

4 3 A 
53 

1.80 

2-35 

2.70 

2 - 95 

3 - 50 

9 

9 

9 

63 

63 

63 

l6 

14 

12 

327 

499 

761 

80 

80 

80 

8 A 
IOX 
14* 

.69 

.88 

1.06 

O 0 o o o 

78 

78 

78 

78 

78 

l6 

14 

12 

II 

IO 

295 

450 

687 

754 

900 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

9 % 
11% 
15 # 
17 A 
19X 

• 72 
.82 
1.00 

1-25 

1.50 

26 

26 

26 

26 

26 

530 

530 

530 

530 

530 

14 

12 

11 

10 

8 

*75 

267 

294 

352 

432 

670 

670 

670 

670 

670 

29X 

38 X 
42 

47 

57 X 

2.00 

2 - 59 
2.87 

3 - io 
3-85 

II 

II 

II 

II 

II 

95 

95 

95 

95 

95 

l6 

14 

12 

II 

IO 

269 

412 

626 

687 

820 

120 

120 

120 

120 

120 

9 X 

13 

I 7 X 

I8X 

21 

•75 

•94 

1 25 
1.44 

1.62 

28 

28 

28 

28 

28 

615 

615 

615 

615 

615 

14 

12 

11 

*o 

8 

102 

247 

273 

327 

400 

775 

775 

775 

775 

775 

3 iX 

4 iX 

45 

5 oX 

61X 

2.12 

2.75 

3.00 

3.20 

4.15 

12 

12 

12 

12 

12 

113 

113 

113 

113 

**3 

i l6 

14 

12 

H 

10 

246 

377 

574 

630 

753 

142 | 11X 

.82 

1.00 

1.38 

1.50 

1.69 

142 

142 

142 

142 

14 

18 X 
* 9 X 
22X 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

706 

706 

706 

706 

706 

12 

11 

10 

8 

_ 7 _ 

231 

254 

304 

375 

425 

890 

890 

890 

890 

890 

44 

48 

54 

65 

74 

2.90 

3-15 

3 - 50 

4 - 30 
4-75 

13 
*3 
13 
13 1 
13 1 

| 132 

132 

132 

132 

132 

l6 

14 

12 

II 

IO 

228 

348 

530 

583 

696 

170 

170 

170 

170 

170 

12 

15 

20 

22 

24 X 

.90 
1.12 
1.50 
1.65 

1.80 

36 

36 

36 

36 

1017 

1017 

1017 

1017 

11 

1 

7 

141 

155 

192 

210 

1300 

1300 

1300 

1300 

58 

67 

78 

88 

3- 80 

4 - 30 

5 - io 
5-75 

14 

14 

14 

14 

H 

153 

153 

*53 

153 

*53 

l6 

14 

12 

II 

IO 

211 

324 

494 

543 

648 

200 

200 

200 

200 

200 

13 

l6 

21 A 
23 X 
26 

•98 
1.17 
i -57 
1.72 
*•95 

40 

40 

40 

40 

40 

1256 

1256 

1256 

1256 

1256 

10 

8 

7 ! 
6 

4 

141 

*74 

189 

213 

250 

1600 

1600 

1600 

1600 

1600 

7 i 

86 

97 

108 

126 

4 - 75 

5- 6o 
6.40 
7-35 
8.50 

15 
15 
15 
• 15 
15 

176 

1761 
1761 
176 
176 

l6 

14 

12 

II 

IO 

197 

302 

460 

507 

606 

225 

225 

225 

225 

225 

I 3 X 

17 

23 

24 X 

28 

.96 

1.28 

i -75 

i -95 

2.10 

42 

42 

42 

42 

42 

42 

42 

42 

42 

1385 

1385 

1385 

1385 

1385 

1385 

1385 

1385 

1385 

10 

8 

7 

6 

4 

X 

3 

£ 

135 

165 

180 

210 

240 

270 

300 

321 

363 

1760 

1760 

1760 

1760 

1760 

1760 

1760 

1760 

1760 

74 X 

9 * 

102 

114 

133 

*37 

145 

177 

216 

5 05 
6.20 
7.00 
7.80 
9.00 

9-50 
10.00 

12.00 

1500 

16 

16 

16 

16 

201 

201 

201 

201 

201 

l6 

14 

12 

II 

IO 

185 

283 

432 

474 

567 

255 

255 

255 

255 

255 

14 A 
17X 
24X 
26>2 
29 X 

1.05 

1.20 

1.70 

1.85 

2.00 


Note.—T he prices quoted here are to assist intending purchasers to make an approxi¬ 
mate estimate of cost. Net prices will be quoted upon application. 























































































THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Capacity of Ditches 

IN miner’s inches. 


Width at top. 

Width at bottom. 
Depth of stream. 
Area of section.. 

2.2 ft. 

1.5 “ 

0.8 “ 

1.28 sq.ft. 

3-3 ft. 

1.5 “ 

1.2 “ 
2.88 sq.ft. 

4.4 ft. 

2.0 “ 

1.6 “ 

5.12 sq. ft. 

5-5 ft. 

2-5 “ 

2.0 “ 

8.0 sq. ft. 

6.6 ft. 

3.0 “ 

2.4 “ 

II .52 sq. ft. 

7.7 ft. 

3-5 “ 

2.8 “ 

15.68sq. ft. 

8.8 ft. 

4.0 “ 

3-2 “ 

20.48 sq. ft. 

FALL 

Capacity, 

miner’s 

inches. 

Capacity, 

miner’s 

inches. 

Capacity, 

miner’s 

inches. 

Capacity, 

miner’s 

inches. 

Capacity, 

miner’s 

inches. 

Capacity, 

miner’s 

inches. 

Capacity, 

miner’s 

inches. 

Per 

mile, 

feet. 

Per rod, 
inches. 

I 

0.036 

22 

6l 

133 

278 

452 

673 

1,013 

2 

•073 

31 

94 

193 

394 

640 

952 

1,432 

3 

. I09 

38 

115 

237 

482 

783 

I,l66 

1,754 

4 

•145 

44 

132 

273 

557 

926 

1,346 

2,025 

5 

.182 

50 

148 

306 

623 

1,012 

1,505 

2,265 

6 

.219 

54 

162 

335 

682 

1,108 

1,649 

2,481 

7 

•254 

59 

171 

362 

737 

1,197 

1,781 

2,679 

8 

.291 

63 

187 

386 

787 

1,280 

1,904 

2,864 

9 

•327 

67 

199 

410 

835 

i,357 

2,019 

3,038 

IO 

•364 

70 

209 

432 

880 

i,43i 

2,128 

3,202 

n 

.401 

74 

220 

453 

923 

1,501 

2,232 

3,359 

12 

•436 

77 

230 

474 

965 

1,567 

2,332 

3,532 

13 

.476 

80 

239 

493 

1,004 

1,631 

2,427 

3,651 

14 

•509 

83 

248 

512 

1,042 

1,693 

2,519 

3,789 

15 

•545 

86 

257 

530 

1,078 

i,752 

2,607 

3.922 

16 

.582 

89 

265 

547 

1,113 

1,810 

2,693 

4,051 

17 

.618 

92 

273 

564 

1,148 

1,865 

2,775 

4,175 

18 

•654 

94 

281 

580 

1,181 

1,90 

2,855 

4,296 

19 

.691 

97 

289 

596 

1,214 

1,972 

2,929 

4,414 

20 

.727 

100 

296 

611 

1,245 

2,023 

3,010 

4,529 

21 

■763 

102 

304 

627 

1,276 

2,073 

3,085 

4.641 

22 

.800 

104 

3li 

641 

1,306 

2,122 

3,157 

4,750 

23 

.836 

107 

318 

656 

i,335 

2,170 

3,228 

4,857 

24 

• -873 

109 

325 

670 

1,364 

2,217 

3,297 

4,961 

25 

.909 

111 

331 

684 

i,399 

2,262 

3,366 

5,064 



















































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


Power Required. 


For Different Parts of Gold Mills. 

Each 750-pound Stamp, dropping 100 times per minute, requires 1.5 horse¬ 
power. 

Each 8oo-pound Stamp, dropping 100 times per minute, requires 1.6 horse¬ 
power. 

Each 850-pound Stamp, dropping 100 times per minute, requires 1.8 horse¬ 
power. 

Each 900-pound Stamp, dropping 100 times per minute, requires 1.9 horse¬ 
power. 

Each 950-pound Stamp, dropping 100 times per minute, requires 2.0 horse¬ 
power. 

Each iooo-pound Stamp, dropping 100 times per minute, requires 2.1 horse¬ 
power. 

Each 1050-pound Stamp, dropping 100 times per minute, requires 2.2 horse¬ 
power. 

Each 1100 pound Stamp, dropping 100 times per minute, requires 2.3 horse¬ 
power. 

Each 1200-pound Stamp, dropping 100 times per minute, requires 2.4 horse¬ 
power. 

Each 1300-pound Stamp, dropping 100 times per minute, requires 2.6 horse¬ 
power. 

Each 1350 pound Stamp, dropping 100 times per minute, requires 2.7 horse¬ 
power. 

Each 4 x 4-inch Dodge Crusher requires 1 horse-power. 

Each 6 x 6-inch Dodge Crusher requires 3 horse-power. 

Each 7 x 8-inch Dodge Crusher requires 5 horse-power. 

Each 8 x 12-inch Dodge Crusher requires 7 horse-power. 

Each 6 x 9-inch Union Crusher requires from 4 to 6 horse-power. 

Each 8 x 12-inch Union Crusher requires from 6 to 8 horse-power. 

Each 10 x x6-inch Union Crusher requires from 10 to 15 horse-power. 

Each Union Concentrator, 4 feet, requires iff horse-power. 

Each Union Concentrator, 6 feet, requires 1 horse-power. 

Each 48-inch Clean-up Pan, 30 revolutions per minute, requires 1.5 horse¬ 
power. 

Each 5-foot Combination Pan, 65 revolutions per minute, requires from 5 to 10 
horse-power. 

Each 4-foot Combination Pan, 65 revolutions per minute, requires from 3 to 6 
horse-power. 

Each 8-foot Settler, 14 revolutions per minute, requires 2.5 horse-power. 

Each 8-foot Agitator, 16 revolutions per minute, requires 3 horse-power. 

Each Quicksilver Elevator requires from .25 to 2 horse-power. 

Each Revolving Dryer requires 5 horse-power. 

Each Howell-White Roasting Furnace requires from 4 to 6 horse-power. 

Each Bruckner Furnace, 8 x 18 feet, requires from 5 to 8 horse-power. 

Above estimates include the friction of the parts named, but not that of the 
power transmitting machinery, for which an additional allowance should be made. 


WATER REQUIRED 

For Various Parts of Gold Mills. 

Boiler feed for each horse-power, per hour, 5 gallons. 

For each stamp, per hour, from 60 to 80 gallons. 

For each 5-foot Pan, per hour, 100 gallons. 

For each 8-foot Settler, per hour, 80 gallons. 

For each Concentrator, per hour, from 200 to 300 gallons. 

When water is settled and returned to the mill for re-use, a reduction of 
50 per cent may be safelv estimated for all except the boiler, which must have 
clear water. 












146 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Quicksilver evaporates slightly at ordinary temperature and boils 
at 662°. Its specific gravity is 13.6 at 32 0 F. 

2.035 cubic inches weigh 1 pound. 

1 cubic foot weighs 849 pounds at 32 0 F. 

In a column of quicksilver every foot in height gives a pressure 
of 5.895 pounds per square inch. That quicksilver will pass through 
a smaller aperture than water is a popular fallacy naturally deducted 
from the fact that the former will often leak from a vessel that will hold 
the latter. An explanation for this seeming paradox is that quicksilver, 
being so much heavier, gives far greater pressure, and, in wooden ves¬ 
sels, water having the finer penetration, enters the fiber of the wood 
and swells it, thereby closing small openings, whereas quicksilver enter¬ 
ing only the open grain has no expanding effect. 

Gold melts at 2016°, its specific gravity is 19.3. 

Silver melts at 1873°, its specific gravity is 10.5. 

Copper melts at 1996°, its specific gravity is 8.9. 

Cast iron melts at 2786°, its specific gravity is 7.2. 

Lead melts at 612°, its specific gravity is 11.3. 

MEASURES AND WEIGHTS OF ORES, EARTH, ETC. 

13 cubic feet of ordinary gold or silver ore, in mine=i ton=2000 pounds. 
20 cubic feet of broken quartz.= 1 ton=2000 pounds. 

In calculating the quantity of ore in place in a mine, an allowance 
is generally made for moisture in the ore, determined by the character 
of the ore. 


18 feet of gravel in bank.= 1 ton. 

27 cubic feet of gravel when dry.= 1 ton. 

25 cubic feet of sand.= 1 ton. 

18 cubic feet of earth in bank.= 1 ton. 

27 cubic feet of earth when dry.= 1 ton. 

17 cubic feet of clay.=r 1 ton. 















SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


Prospector’s Gold Table 

FOR DETERMINING THE VALUE OF FREE GOLD PER TON ( 2,000 LBS.) 

OF QUARTZ OR CUBIC YARD OF GRAVEL. 

The table below furnishes an exceedingly simple method of de¬ 
termining the value of Free Gold in a ton of gold-bearing quartz, or a 
cubic yard of auriferous gravel. 

Take a sample of four (4) pounds of quartz, pulverize it to the 
usual fineness for horning; wash it carefully by batea, pan, or other 
means; amalgamate the gold by the application of quicksilver; volatilize 
the quicksilver by blow-pipe or otherwise; weigh the resulting button, 
and the value given in the table opposite such weight will be the value 
in free gold per ton of 2,000 lbs. of quartz, 

Example. —Sample of four lbs. produces button weighing one 
grain, the fineness of the gold being 830; then the value of one ton of 
such quartz will be $17.87. 

If the sample of four pounds should produce a button weighing, 
say four-tenths of a grain (.4), then the value of such quartz would be 
(830 fine) $7.14 per ton. 


Weight 
washed gold. 

Fineness, 

780. 

Fineness, 

830. 

Fineness, 

875- 

Fineness, 

920. 

4lb. sample. 
Grains. 

Value per oz. 
$16.12. 

Value per oz. 
$17.15- 

Value per oz. 
$18.08. 

Value per oz. 
$19.01. 

.1 

$ 1.68 

$ 1-78 

$ 1.88 

$ 1-98 

.2 

3-36 

3-57 

3-76 

3 96 

3 

5 03 

536 

5-65 

5-94 

•4 

6.71 

7.14 

7-53 

7.92 

•5 

8.40 

8-93 

9.42 

9.90 

.6 

IO.07 

10.73 

11.30 

11.88 

•7 

u -75 

12.51 

13 19 

13.86 

.8 

13-43 

14.29 

15-07 

15.84 

•9 

1511 

16.08 

1695 

17.82 

1 

16.79 

17.87 

18.84 

19.81 

2 

33-59 

35-74 

37-68 

39.62 

3 

5038 

53 - 6 i 

56.52 

59-43 

4 

67.18 

71-49 

75 36 

79.24 

5 

83-97 

89.36 

94.20 

99-05 


























148 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Prospector’s Gold Table. 

(continued.) 

GOLD VALUE OF A CUBIC YARD OF GRAVEL. 

To determine the gold value of a cubic yard of auriferous gravel, 
the same table can also be used. 

Take a sample of sixty (60) pounds of gravel, pulverize it, and care¬ 
fully wash it by batea, pan or otherwise; amalgamate the gold, volatilize 
the quicksilver; weigh the button, and in column in table, opposite the 
weight, will be found the gold value of the cubic yard of gravel. 

Example. —Sample of sixty pounds produces button weighing one 
grain, the fineness of the gold being 780; then the value of one cubic 
yard of such gravel would be $1.67. This is arrived at by pointing off 
one point, or dividing the value given in table by 10. 

If the sample of sixty pounds yields a button weighing five-tenths 
(. 5) of a grain, then the value of the gravel would be—gold being 780 
fine—$0.84 per cubic yard. 


SIMPLE ORE TESTS. 

The following simple tests will show whether an ore carries any 
precious metals. Afterwards samples of the rock should be assayed to 
ascertain the amount of value per ton: 

Gold—Powder; roast if sulphurets are present; grind very fine 
and wash in pan or spoon; examine with lens; yellow particles not 
soluble in nitric acid. The color of pure gold is bright yellow, tinged 
with red. Gold may be distinguished from all other metals or alloys 
by the following simple traits: It is yellow, malleable, not acted upon 
by nitric acid. 

Silver.—Pure silver is the brightest of metals, of a beautiful white 
color and rich luster. 

Chloride of Silver.—If suspected in a pulp, harshly rub a bright 
and wet copper cartridge thereon. If a chloride or chloride-bromide 
of silver, it will whiten the copper. Graphite will thus whiten copper 
or gold, but can be rubbed off. 

Copper.—After roasting the pulp, intimately mix and well knead 
with a like quantity of salt and candle grease or any other fat, and cast 
into the fire, when the characteristic colors—first blue, then green—will 
appear. This test is better made at night. 

Galena.—Black zinc blend is often mistaken for galena. The two 
may be distinguished by the infallible sign: The powder of galena is 
black; that of blende, brown or yellow. 










SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 


Workshop Recipes. 

Specially Useful to Engineers in the Mining Districts. 


CEMENT FOR CAST IRON. 

Two ounces sal ammoniac, one ounce sulphur and sixteen ounces 
of borings or filings of cast iron, to be mixed well in a mortar and kept 
dry. When required for use, take one part of this powder to twenty 
parts of clear iron borings or filings, mix thoroughly in a mortar; make 
the mixture into a stiff paste with a little water, and then it is ready for 
use. A little fine grindstone sand improves the cement. 

RED DEAD CEMENT FOR FACE JOINTS. 

Equal parts of white and red lead mixed with linseed oil to the con¬ 
sistency. 

CEMENT—STEAM BOILER. 

Litharge in fine powder two parts, very fine sand and quicklime 
(that has been allowed to slack spontaneously in a damp place), of each 
one part; mix, and keep it from the air. 

Used to mend cracks in boilers and to secure steam joints. 

It is made into a paste with boiled oil before application. 

CEMENT—STEAM PIPE. 

Good linseed-oil varnish is ground with equal weights of white 
lead, oxide of manganese and pipe clay. 

CEMENT—HYDRAULIC. 

Made by slaking lime with water containing about two per cent 
of gypsum and adding a little sand to the product. 

The presence of the gypsum tends to delay the slaking of the lime, 
and also to harden the substance formed after the slaking. 

CEMENT—CUTLERS’. 

Black resin four parts, beeswax one part, finely powdered brickdust 
one part; mix well. 

Used to fix tools into their handles. 

CEMENT—LEATHER. 

Gutta-percha one pound, caoutchouc four ounces, pitch two 
ounces, shellac one ounce, linseed oil two ounces, melted together; 
must be melted before being applied. 

Used for uniting leather or rubber. 

solders. 

For Lead, one of tin and one and one-half of lead. 

For Tin, one of tin and two of lead. 

For Pewter, two of tin and one of lead. 

For Brazing (hardest), three of copper and one of zinc. 

For Brazing (hard), one of copper and one of zinc. 

For Brazing (soft), one of tin, four of copper and three of zinc; or 
two of tin and one of antimony. 









THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


FLUXES FOR SOLDERING OR WELDING. 

For Iron or Steel, borax or sal ammoniac. 

For Tinned Iron, resin or chloride of zinc. 

For Copper and Brass, sal ammoniac or chloride of zinc. 

For Zinc, chloride of zinc. 

For Lead, tallow or resin. 

For Lead and Tin Pipes, resin and sweet oil. 

BRAZING. 

The edges filed or scraped clean and bright, covered with spelter 
and powdered borax, and exposed in a clear fire to a heat sufficient to 
melt the solder. 

CASE HARDENING WITH PRUSSIATE OF POTASH. 

Heat the articles, after polishing, to a bright red, rub the surface 
over with prussiate of potash, allow it to cool to a dull red, and immerse 
it in water. 

CASE HARDENING MIXTURES. 

Three parts of prussiate of potash to one part of sal ammoniac, 
mixed; or two parts of sal ammoniac, two parts of bone dust, and one 
part of prussiate of potash. 

MIXTURE FOR WELDING STEEL. 

One part of sal ammoniac and ten parts of borax pounded together 
and fused until clear, when it is poured out, and when cool reduced to 
powder. 

TEMPERING STEEL. 

Steel in its hardest state being too brittle for most purposes, the 
requisite strength and elasticity are obtained by tempering—or letting 
dozvn the temper, as it is termed—which is performed by heating the 
hardened steel to a certain degree and cooling it quickly. The requisite 
heat is usually ascertained by the color which the surface of the steel 
assumes from the film of oxide thus formed. The degrees of heat to 
which these several colors correspond are as follows: 

At 430, a very faint yellow. At 450, a pale straw color. 

Suitable for hard instruments; as hammer faces, drills, etc. 

At 470, a full yellow. At 490, a brown color. 

For instruments requiring hard edges without elasticity; as shears, 
scissors, turning tools, etc. 

At 510, brown, with purple spots. At 538, purple. 

For tools, for cutting wood and soft metals; such as plane-irons, 
knives, etc. 

At 550, dark blue. At 560, full blue. 

/ For tools requiring strong edges without extreme hardness; as 
cold chisels, axes, cutlery, etc. 

At 600, grayish blue, verging on black. 

For sprirfg temper, which will bend before breaking; as saws, 
sword blades, etc. 

If the steel is heated higher than this, the effect of the hardening 
process is destroyed. 







SAN FRANCISCO , CAL. 


Various Measures. 


MEASURE OF SURFACE. 


144 square inches..= 1 square foot. 

9 square feet.. .= 1 square yard. 

30.25 square yards.1 square rod. 

160 square rods.=10 square chains=43,560 square feet=i acre. 

640 acres.=1 square mile. 

MEASURE OF VOLUME. 

1,728 cubic inches.= 1 cubic foot. 

27 cubic feet.= 1 cubic yard. 


MEASURE OF WEIGHT. 
Avordupois. 


16 drams .=1 ounce. 

16 ounces.=1 pound. 

112 pounds.. .:=i cwt. 

20 cwt. =1 ton. 

Troy. 

24 grains.=1 dwt. 

20 dwts. .= 1 ounce. 

12 ounces.=1 pound. 

1 Troy pound.= .822857 lb. Avordupois. 


To reduce Avordupois pounds to Troy ounces, multiply the Avordupois 
pounds by i4-5 8 33- 

Water. 

A gallon of water (U. S. Standard) weighs 8'A pounds, and contains 231 
cubic inches. 

A cubic foot of water weighs 62^ pounds, and contains 1,728 cubic inches, 
or 7^4 gallons. 

MEASURE OF LENGTH. 


1 meter..=3.2808 feet. 

1 chain.=100 links=4 rods=66 feet=7_92 inches. 

80 chains. .= 1 mile=5,28o feet. 

1 statute mile.=320 rods=r,76o yards=5,28o feet. 

1 league..=3 nautical miles. 

1 nautical knot. =6,086 feet longitude, 6,076.5 feet latitude. 


A log-line is a knotted cord, the distance between the knots being of a 
nautical mile apart, that is, 50 feet. The log-line is allowed to run out for 30 
seconds, which is of an hour, so that the distance between knots on the cord 
bears the same ratio to a degree that the time does to an hour. 


































152 


THE UNION IRON WORKS . 



Contents 

in Feet of Various Sizes of Timber and 





Lumber. 









LENGTH IN FEET. 





Width 








26 

28 


and 

12 

14 

16 

18 

20 

22 

24 

! 30 

thickness. 








' A * 4 

2 

2-35 

2.66 

3 - 

3-35 

3.66 

4 

4-33 

4.66 

5 - 

I x 4 

4 

4.66 

5-33 

6. 

6.66 

7-33 

8 

8.66 

9-33 

IO. 

lx 5 

5 

5-83 

6.66 

7-5 

8-33 

9.16 

IO 

10.83 

11.66 

12.5 

1x6 

6 

7 - 

8. 

9 - 

IO. 

11. 

12 

13 - 

14. 

15 - 

ix8 

8 

9-33 

10.66 

12. 

13-33 

14.66 

16 

17-33 

18.66 

20. 

I X IO 

IO 

11.66 

13-33 

15 - 

16.66 

18-33 

20 

21.66 

23-33 

25 - 

I X 12 

12 

14. 

16. 

18. 

20. 

22. 

24 

26. 

28. 

30 - 


Width 











and 

12 

14 

16 

18 

20 

22 

24 

26 

28 

30 

thickness. 








2 X 4 

8 

9 

11 

12 

13 

15 

16 

17 

19 

20 

2x6 

12 

14 

16 

18 

20 

22 

24 

26 

28 

30 

2x8 

16 

19 

21 

24 

27 

29 

32 

35 

37 

40 

2 X IO 

20 

23 

27 

30 

33 

37 

40 

43 

47 

50 

2 X 12 

24 

28 

32 

36 

40 

44 

48 

52 

56 

60 

2 X 14 

28 

33 

37 

42 

47 

5 i 

56 

61 

65 

70 

3 x 8 

24 

28 

32 

36 

40 

44 

48 

52 

56 

60 

3 x io 

30 

35 

40 

45 

50 

55 

60 

65 

70 

75 

3x12 | 

36 

42 

48 

54 

60 

66 

72 

78 

84 

90 

3x14 

42 

49 

56 

63 

70 

77 

84 

9 i 

98 

105 

4 x 4 

16 

19 

21 

24 

27 

29 

32 

35 

37 

40 

4x6 

24 

23 

32 

36 

40 

44 

48 

52 

56 

60 

4 x 8 

32 

37 

43 

48 

53 

59 

64 

69 

75 

80 

4 X IO 

40 

47 

53 

60 

67 

73 

80 

87 

93 

too 

4 x 12 

48 

56 

64 

72 

80 

88 

96 

104 

112 

120 

4x 14 

56 

65 

75 

84 

93 

103 

112 

121 

! 3 i 

140 

6 x 6 

36 

42 

48 

54 

60 

66 

72 

78 

84 

90 

6x8 

48 

56 

64 

72 

80 

88 

96 

104 

112 

120 

6 x 10 

60 

70 

80 

90 

ioo 

no 

120 

130 

140 

150 

6 x 12 

72 

84 

96 

108 

120 

132 

144 

156 

168 

180 

6 x 14 

84 

98 

112 

126 

140 

154 

168 

182 

169 

210 

8 x 8 

64 

75 

85 

96 

107 

117 

128 

i 39 

149 

160 

8 x 10 

80 

93 

107 

120 

133 

147 

160 

173 

187 

200 

8x12 

96 

112 

128 

144 

160 

176 

192 

208 

224 

240 

8 x 14 

112 

131 

149 

168 

187 

205 

224 

243 

261 

280 

IO X IO 

100 

117 

133 

150 

167 

183 

200 

217 

233 

250 

IOX 12 

120 

140 

160 

180 

200 

220 

240 

260 

280 

300 

IOX 14 

140 

163 

187 

210 

233 

257 

280 

303 

327 

350 

12 X 12 

144 

168 

192 

216 

240 

264 

288 

312 

336 

360 

12 X 14 

168 

196 

224 

252 

280 

308 

336 

364 

392 

1 420 

T4 x 14 

196 

229 

261 

294 

327 

359 

392 

425 

457 

490 




















































SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


!53 


Concrete. 


To make concrete for machinery foundations or retaining walls, 
use one yard of broken rock small enough to go through a three-inch 
mesh screen, one-half yard of sand and one barrel of Portland cement; 
thoroughly mix together when dry. Do not add any water until it is 
required for use, then add enough water to make a thick mortar; mix 
in small quantities and use at once; thoroughly tamp with a suitable 
tamping bar, immediately. 

Concrete will set enough in twenty-four hours to carry a load, and 
in three to four days will be hard enough to run machinery on. 

Should broken rock be difficult to obtain, use clean creek gravel 
of about the same size, instead. 

In no case use loam, clay or very fine sand. 

For special strength, more cement may be used. 

For rubble masonry use five yards of stone, one yard of sand and 
one barrel of lime. One and one-third yards of stone required for one 
yard of masonry. 

For boiler walls use per 1,000 bricks, one yard of sand and one 
barrel of lime. 

Fifty pounds of fire-clay required to lay one hundred bricks. 


Average Weight of Earths, Rocks, etc., 

PER CUBIC YARD. 


Sand.. 


Sandstone. 


Gravel .. 

. 3 , 36 o “ 

Shale. 

. 4 , 48 o “ 

Mud. 

.2,800 “ 

Quartz. 


Marl. 


Granite. 


Clay. 


Trap .... . 


Chalk. 


Slate. 































THE UNION IRON WORKS, 


Transmission of Power by Belts. 


The resistance of belts to slipping is independent of their breadth, 
consequently there is no advantage derived in increasing this dimen¬ 
sion beyond that which is necessary to enable the belt to resist the 
strain it is subject to. 

The ratio of friction to pressure for belts over wood drums is: For 
leather belts, when worn, .47; when new, .5; and, when over a turned 
cast-iron pulley, .24 and .27. 

A leather belt will safely and continuously resist a strain of 350 
pounds per square inch of section, and a section of . 2 of a square inch 
will transmit the equivalent of a horse-power at a velocity of 1,000 feet 
per minute over a wooden drum, and .4 of a square inch over a turned 
cast-iron pulley. 

In high-speed belting the tension or the breadth of the belt should 
be increased in order to prevent belt from slipping. Long belts are 
more effective than short ones. 

A single belt one inch wide, traveling at a velocity of 1,000 feet per 
minute, transmits one horse-power. 

A double belt one inch wide, traveling 700 feet per minute, trans¬ 
mits one horse-power. 

When a double belt is long and runs over large pulleys, it may be 
calculated to do one horse-power of work at a speed of 500 feet per 
minute. 

The upper side of the pulley should always carry the slack belt. 

To throw a belt onto its pulleys, when it has been laid off, it 
should always be laid onto the pulley that is not in motion first, and 
then be thrown over the edge of the moving pulley onto its face. 

It has been ascertained by trial that a belt will transmit about 30 
per cent more power, with a given tension, when the grain (smooth 
side of the leather) is in contact with the pulley than when the flesh side 
is turned inward. The leather is also less liable to crack, as the struc¬ 
ture on the flesh side is less dense, and the fibers more yielding. The 
adhesion of belts is greater on polished than on rough pulleys, and is 
about 50 per cent greater on a leather covered pulley than on a polished 
iron pulley. Large pulleys and drums may be covered with narrow 
strips of leather or with longer strips wound spirally. Pulley covers 
are manufactured in strips of the desired width, and reduced to uniform 
thickness by machinery. Belts should be kept soft and pliable by ap¬ 
plying tallow occasionally and neat’s-foot or liver oil, with a little resin 
when they become hard and dried. 









SAN FRANC/SCO, CAL. 


Rubber belts ought always to be kept bree from grease or animal 
oils. If they slip, moisten the inside of the belt with boiled linseed oil. 
Some fine chalk sprinkled on over the oil will help the belt. 

RULE FOR FINDING THE LENGTH OF BELTS. 

Add the diameter of the two pulleys together, multiply by 3^, 
divide the product by two, add to the quotient twice the distance be¬ 
tween the center of the shafts, and the product will be the required 
length. 

RULE FOR CALCULATING THE POWER OF BELTING. 

One-inch single belt, moving at a velocity of 1,000 feet per minute, 
equals one horse-power. 

One-inch double belt, moving 700 feet per minute, equals one 
horse-power. 

Horse-power of any belt equals its velocity in feet per minute 
multiplied by its width and divided by 1,000 for single and by 700 for 
double belts. 

RULES FOR CALCULATING THE SPEED OF PULLEYS. 

The diameter of the driven being given to find its number of revo¬ 
lutions : 

Rule: Multiply the diameter of the driver by the number of its 
revolutions, and divide the product by the diameter of the driven. The 
quotient will be the number of revolutions of the driven. 

To find the diameter of the driven that shall make a required num¬ 
ber of revolutions, the diameter and speed of the driver being given: 

Rule: Multiply the diameter of the driver by its number of revo¬ 
lutions and divide the product by the number of revolutions of the 
driven. The quotient will be the diameter. 

To find the diameter of the driver, its speed and the diameter and 
revolutions of the driven being given: 

Rale: Multiply the diameter of the driven by its number of revo¬ 
lutions and divide the product by the revolutions of the driver. The 
quotient will be the diameter of the driver. 










PRICE LIST OF STANDARD BELTING. 


Inch. 

Rubber. 

Leather. 

2-ply. 
Per foot. 

3 -piy- 
Per foot. 

4 -ply. 
Per foot. 

5 -piy- 
Per foot. 

6 -ply. 

Per foot. 

Single. 

Double 


I 

$0.07 





$0 .12 

$0.24 

*X 

.09 

.... 

.... 

.... 

.... 

. 16 

•32 

iX 

. 11 


.... 


.... 

.20 

.40 

2 

•15 

$0.17 

$0.21 

$ 0.26 

$0.31 

.28 

•56 

2 X 

.18 

.22 

. 26 

•33 

•39 

•36 

•72 

3 

. 22 

.26 

• 3 i 

•39 

• 47 

• 44 

.88 

3 X 

. 26 

•30 

•37 

.46 

•56 

•52 

1.04 

4 

•30 

•34 

•42 

•53 

•63 

. 60 

1.20 

4 X 

•33 

•39 

•47 

•59 

• 7 i 

. 68 

1.36 

5 

•36 

■43 

•52 

•65 

•78 

.76 

1-52 

6 

•43 

•52 

.62 

.78 

•93 

92 

1.84 

7 

• 5 i 

.60 

•73 

■ 9 i 

1.10 

1.08 

2.16 

8 

•59 

.70 

.84 

1.05 

1.26 

1.24 

2.48 

9 

.67 

.80 

•95 

1.18 

1.42 

1.40 

2.80 

IO 

75 

.90 

1.07 

i -33 

1.60 

1.56 

3.12 

ii 

•S3 

1.00 

1.18 

1 47 

1.77 

1.72 

3-44 

12 

• 9 i 

1.08 

1.30 

1.62 

i -95 

1.88 

376 

13 

1.00 

1.18 

1.42 

1.77 

2.13 

2.04 

4.08 

14 

1.08 

1.28 

i -54 

11.92 

2.31 

2.20 

4.40 

15 

1.16 

1.38 

1.66 

2.07 

2 49 

2.40 

4.80 

l6 

1-25 

1.50 

1.78 

2.22 

2.67 

2.60 

5.20 

18 

1.41 

1.70 

2.02 

2.52 

303 

3.00 

6.00 

20 

1.58 

1.90 

2.26 

2.82 

3-39 

3 4 p 

6 . 3 o 

22 

1.76 

2.12 

2.52 

3-15 

3-78 

3.80 

7.60 

24 

1.96 

2.36 

2.80 

3-50 

4.20 

4.20 

8.40 

26 

2.18 

2.60 

. 3 08 

3-85 

4.62 

4.60 

9.20 

28 

2.42 

2.84 

336 

4.20 

5 04 

5.00 

10.00 

30 



3 64 

4-55 

5-46 

5-50 

11.00 

32 



3-92 

4.90 

5-88 

6.00 

12.00 

34 



4.20 

5 -25 

6.30 

6.50 

13.00 

36 



4.48 

5.60 

6.72 

7.00 

14.00 

38 



4.76 

5-95 

7.14 



40 



5 04 

6.30 

7-56 

7.80 

15.60 

42 



5-32 

6.65 

7.98 

8.20 

16.40 

44 



5.60 

7.00 

8.40 

8.60 

17.20 

46 



5-88 

7-35 

8.82 

9.00 

18.00 

48 



6.16 

7.70 

9.24 

9.40 

19.80 

5 ° 



6.44 

8.05 

9.66 

.... 


52 



6.72 

8.40 

10.08 



54 



7.00 

8-75 

10.50 



56 



7.28 

9.10 

10.92 

.... 


58 



756 

9-45 

H -34 

.... 


60 

.... 


7.84 

9.80 

11.76 

.... 



PRICE LIST OF STANDARD WATER HOSE. 


Interior Diameter. 

2-ply. 

Per foot. 

3 -piy- 
Per foot. 

4 -ply. 

Per foot. 

Brass Cou] 
lings, each 

X inch. 

$0.20 

$0.25 

$0.30 

$0 .20 

X “ . 

• 25 

•30 

■37 

.20 

I “ . 

•33 

.40 

•50 

.40 

IX “ . 

•42 

•50 

.62 

•85 

iX “ . 

•50 

.60 

•75 

i -15 

IX “ . 

•58 

.70 

•87 

.... 

2 “ . 

.66 

.80 

1.00 

2.00 

2X “ . 

•75 

.90 

1.12 

.... 

2X “ . 

•83 

1.00 

125 

4.00 

2X “ . 

•92 

1.10 

i -37 

.... 

3 “ . 

•99 

1.20 

1.50 

6 35 

3 X “ . 

1 15 

1.40 

i -75 

.... 

4 “ . 

1.32 

1.60 

2.00 

.... 

5 “ . 

1.65 

2.00 

2.50 

.... 

6 “ . 

1.98 

.... 

.... 

.... 

7 “ . 

2.31 

.... 

.... 

.... 

8 “ . 

2.64 




9 “ . 

2.97 

.... 


.... 

10 “ . 

3-33 






























































































SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 


Water H ose. 


Conducting Hose, Two-ply .—Designed to conduct water under 
moderate pressure only. Sizes above three-inch are mainly for tank 
hose. 

Hydrant Hose, Three-ply .—Of medium strength, suitable for 
hydrants, garden and pump uses, street sprinkling, washing decks, etc. 

Engine Hose, Four-ply .—Recommended for all purposes where a 
particularly strong and reliable article is required, and is made to stand 
a pressure of from ioo to 200 pounds per square inch. 

Five-ply and Six-ply Hose .—For use where great resistance to pres¬ 
sure, or very severe service, is demanded. 


table of 

PRESSURES PER SQUARE INCH AT DIFFERENT 

OF RESERVOIR. 

elevations 

Elevation. 

Pressure. 


Elevation. 

Pressure. 

50 feet. 

22 pounds. 


150 feet. 

65 pounds. 

75 “ 

33 “ 


200 “ 

86 “ 

IOO “ 

43 “ 


250 “ 

108 “ 

125 “ 

54 “ 


300 “ 

130 “ 


Dealers and consumers in different localities should consult and be guided 
by this table in ordering hose, and thereby avoid dissatisfaction through the use 
of hose too light for the service. 

Table Showing Gallons of Water Discharged 


IN FIRE STREAMS THROUGH IOO FEET OF 2^-INCH RUBBER HOSE, WITH GIVEN 

nozzles (smooth). 


Diameter of 
nozzle. 

Pressure at 
nozzle. 

Gallons per 
minute. 

Horizontal 

stream. 

Vertical 

stream. 

Diameter of 
nozzle. 

Pressure at 
nozzle. 

Gallons per 
minute. 

Horizontal 

stream. 

Vertical 

stream. 

I 

30 

134 

90 

62 

1 x 

70 

259 

163 

125 

I 

40 

155 

109 

76 

1 '/% 

80 

277 

175 

137 

I 

50 

173 

126 

94 

1 X 

90 

294 

186 

148 

I 

60 

189 

142 

108 

iX 

IOO 

310 

193 

157 

I 

70 

205 

156 

121 

IX 

30 

210 

96 

63 

I 

80 

219 

168 

131 

iX 

40 

242 

Il8 

82 

I 

90 

232 

178 

140 

iX 

50 

271 

138 

99 

I 

IOO 

245 

186 

148 

J X 

60 

297 

156 

115 

I'/s 

30 

170 

93 

63 

I X 

70 

320 

172 

129 

i'/& 

40 

196 

113 

81 

*X 

80 

342 

186 

142 

1 X 

50 

219 

132 

97 

x X 

90 

363 

198 

154 

I'/z 

60 

240 

148 

112 

iX 

IOO 

383 

207 

164 


The loss by friction in 2^ rubber hose, throwing a i-inch stream 100 feet high, 
is 15 pounds for each 100 feet of hose. 


































158 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


SHAFTING. 
Turned, Cold Rolled 
and Polished. 


Diameter 
of Shaft. 


Price per 
foot. 


COLLARS 

with 

Set Screws. 


COUPLINGS. 
Finished and fitted to 
Shaft. 


Flange. 


Clamp. 


JOURNAL 

BOXES. 


Babbitted. 


RIGID 

POST 

BOXES. 

Babbitted. 


ADJUSTA¬ 

BLE 

POST 

HANGER. 

Babbitted. 


■45 
■51 
.70 

•93 
1.06 
1.32 
1.60 
2.03 
2.41 
2.81 
3-45 

3 - 69 

4 - 50 


l -50 

• 65 

.80 
1.00 
1-35 
1.50 
1.70 
1.90 
2 • 10 
2 '35 
2 '55 
2.80 
3-50 


$ 5-50 
6.17 
6.38 
765 
8-93 

10.63 

13- t 8 

15-73 
18.70 
21 25 
24.30 

27.63 
33 25 


$ 4.00 
4-32 
4.88 
6.19 
7-50 
9.00 
11.07 
13-13 
1538 
18.00 
22.00 
24.00 
33 00 


$ 1.80 

1.90 

215 

2.90 
3-50 
425 

5 - 15 

6.25 

6- 75 
9-15 

10.90 
11.65 
15 56 


P 3-00 
3 00 
3.60 
4.00 

4- 75 

5 - 50 
6.50 
7-25 
9.00 

11.00 
13.00 
1300 
17.00 


b 5-io 
6.38 
7-45 
9-35 
11.25 


HANGERS—DOUBLE BRACED ADJUSTABLE PIVOTED BOXES. 


Diam. of 
Shaft. 


1 7 

1 TB 

Ml 

ill 

2 A 

Mb 

O 1 1 

* IB 

015 

^1B 

Q 3 
**16 

Q 7 
** IB 

Q 1 S 
**TB 


12 in. 

$ 3.62 

$405 

#5-io 

16-38 

$ 7-45 

19-35 





14 “ 

3-91 

4-33 

5-39 

6.66 

7.87 

9.92 

$11-90 

. 

. 

. 

16 “ 

4.11 

4-55 

5-67 

6-95 

8.30 

1035 

12.33 




18 “ 

4-25 

4.68 

5-95 

7-32 

8.72 

10.63 

12.75 

$14.88 

$19-13 

$22.95 

20 “ 

.... 

.... 

6.24 

7-5i 

9-15 

11.05 

MM 

15-45 

19.70 

23-52 

24 “ 

.... 

.... 

6.80 

8.30 

10.20 

12.55 

14.67 

17.00 

21.90 

25-93 

26 “ 

.... 

.... 

8.10 

10.00 

11.80 

13.40 

16.05 





TABLES OF SIZES AND PRICES. 


Shafting, Couplings, Hangers, Boxes and Collars. 






































































































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Tlie prices quoted above are for regular standard pulleys balanced and key- We also make split pulleys, for which add 20 per cent to the above list. 

waved. Pulleys of wider face than 18 inches are provided with two sets of arms 

without extra charge. When pulleys 18 inches and under are ordered with two In ordering give diameter, width of face, size of bore, and state whether the 

sets of arms, an extra charge will be made, as a single set of arms when made face is to be crowning or flat. 

from our heavy patterns is amply strong for any ordinary work. 


















































































































































Price List of Standard Steam, Gas, Water Pipe and Fittings. 


6 o 


THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


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Further prices furnished upon application. 


















































































































This pipe furnished in promiscuous lengths to twenty feet long, or to any specific lengths that may be required. 

Prices on larger diameters, also pipe heavier than above standard gauges, furnished upon application. 

The above pipe furnished galvanized or tarred , when necessary, at additio?ial charge . Further prices furnished upon application. 









































































162 THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


Useful Information. 


water. 

Doubling the diameter of a pipe increases its capacity four times. Friction 
of liquids in pipes increases as the square of the velocity. 

The mean pressure of the atmosphere is usually estimated at 14.7 pounds per 
square inch, so that with a perfect vacuum it wdll sustain a column of mercury 
29.9 inches or a column of water 33.9 feet high. 

To find the pressure in pounds per square inch of a column of water, multiply 
the height of the column in feet by .434. Approximately, we say that every foot 
of elevation is equal to ^-pound pressure per square inch ; this allows for ordinary 
friction. 

To find the diameter of a pump cylinder to move a given quantity of water 
per minute (100 feet of piston being the standard of speed), divide the number of 
gallons by 4; then extract the square root, and the product wdll be the diameter 
in inches of the pump cylinder. 

To find quantity of water elevated in one minute running at 100 feet of piston 
speed per minute, square the diameter of the water cylinder in inches and 
multiply by 4. Example: Capacity of a 5-inch cylinder is desired. The square 
of the diameter (5 inches) is 25, which multiplied by 4 gives 100, the number of 
gallous per minute (approximately). 

To find the horse-power necessary to elevate w 7 ater to a given height, multiply 
the total w'eight of the water to be elevated in one minute in pounds by the height 
in feet, and divide the product by 33,000 (au allowance of 25 per cent should be 
added for water friction, and a further allowance of 25 per cent for loss in steam 
cylinder). 

The area of the steam piston, multiplied by the steam pressure, gives the 
total amount of pressure that can be exerted. The area of the water piston , 
multiplied by the pressure of w r ater per square inch, gives the resistance. A 
margin must be made between the power and the resistance to move the pistons 
at the required speed—say from 20 to 40 per cent, according to speed and other 
conditions. 

To find the capacity of a cylinder in gallons, multiply the area in inches by 
the length of stroke in inches, and result will give the total number of cubic 
inches. Divide this number by 231 ^which is the cubical contents of a U. S. gallon 
in inches), and product is the capacity in gallous. 


SIZES OF TANKS AND CONTENTS. 


Diameter, 

feet. 

Depth, 

feet. 

Gallons. 

Diameter, 

feet. 

Depth, 

feet. 

Gallons. 

8 

8 

3.015 

22 

11 

31,277 

IO 

8 

4,712 

24 

12 

40,607 

12 

8 

6,767 

26 

*3 

5 r ,628 

14 

9 

10,363 

28 

14 

64,481 

l6 

9 

13,535 

30 

*5 

79 - 3*0 

l8 

10 

* 9,034 

32 

16 

96,253 

20 

10 

23,499 

34 

17 

115,451 




























Primitive Arrastra. 


T 


















164 

THE UNION IRON WORKS , 


List of English Catalogues 


ISSUED BY 


THE UNION IRON WORKS. 

No. 0. 

Mining Supplies, Hardware, etc. 

No. 1. 

Steam Engines, Boilers and Hydraulic Machinery. 

No. 2. 

Hoisting and Pumping Machinery, Air Compressors and 

Rock Drills, bound complete and also in the following sections, viz: 

Section No. 1, Ore Cars, Ore Skips, Hoisting Cages, etc. 

Section No. 2, Hoisting Machinery. 

Section No. 3, Pumping Machinery. 

No. 3. 

Metallurgical and Mining Machinery (out of print). 

No. 4. 

Union Improved Ore Concentrator. 

No. 5. 

Gold Milling, Metallurgical and Mining Machinery. 

No. 6. 

Hoisting Machinery. 

No. 7. 

Silver Milling Machinery. 

No. 8. 

Coarse Concentration and Smelting. 

No. 9. 

Cyanide Process. 


LIST OF SPANISH CATALOGUES. 

No. 1. 

Steam Engines, Boilers and Hydraulic Machinery. 

No. 2. 

Hoisting and Pumping Machinery, Air Compressors and 

Rock Drills. 


No. 3. 

Metallurgical and Mining Machinery. 

No. 4. 

Union Improved Ore Concentrator. 











Union Iron Works, 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 

builders of -—a 

MINING MACHINERY 

for the Reduction of Gold, Silver, Lead and Copper Ores. 

GOLD AND SILVER MILLS, 

Wet or Dry Crushing, Roasting, Concentrating, Leaching, Lixiviating, 
Stamps, Amalgam Pans, Crushers, Settlers, Tanks, 

Crushing Rolls, Jigs, Trommels, Screens. 

Sioasting furnaces, Cupelling furnaces, 

drying Sloors, Shelf dryers, Slotary JDryers. 

Retorts, Bullion Moulds, Ingot Moulds, Copper Plates Efectro- 
Silver-Pfated for Gold Saving, Conveyors and Elevators. 

WATER-JACKET BLAST FURNACES, 

Blast Pipe, Slag Cars, Slag Pots. 

HOISTING WORKS, PUMPING, CONCENTRATING 
AND SMELTING PLANTS. 

MACHINERY FOR TRANSMISSION OF POWER BY WIRE ROPE. 

Wheelock, Corliss, Scott & O’Neil 

AND SLIDE-VALVE ENGINES. 

Boilers, Air Compressors, Rock Drills, 

ETC., ETC. 


UNION IRON WORKS, 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 









VIEW OF MACHINE SHOPS 






















































































































































































































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